Sample Resume Air India - 740 Words

Air India Simarjeet Singh Pankil Shah Leroy Rodrigues (1000035608) Date: 20/06/2016 Course: Graduate Diploma in Applied Management Lecturer: Say Chong Lim- Applied Management Introduction: Air India is the national airline of India and also one of the biggest air company of the country in terms of passengers carried. It was started by Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata in 1932 and was called Tata Airlines at that time. It started off carrying passengers and air mail between Bombay, Karachi, Ahmedabad, Bellary, and Madras. After World War II it became a public company and was christened ‘Air India’. Today Air India has a fleet size of around 108 aircrafts and flies to 84 destinations worldwide. It is mainly operated from Indira Gandhi international Airport, Delhi and Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai. As of February 2016, Air India has a strength of 28,085 employees. In 2007 the airline was merged with the state owned Indian Airlines, thus forming a new company called National Aviation Company of India. In 2014 Air India entered the Star Alliance, thus becoming the 27th member of the globes largest airline alliance. Problems Identified: Since its inception Air India has faced too many problems and was always caught up in controversies. Financial troubles never seem to end for the company. The biggest problem with the company is that it is going through a financial crisis for the last few years. In 2006, Air India made a loss of Rs 541 crore and IndianShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : Air India Jet Shop6004 Words   |  25 PagesAbstract Introduction In AIR India jet shop they deals with the V2500 and CFM 56-5B jet engines these engines are widely used in A320 series of Boeing airplanes .In JEOC complete overhauling, maintenance and repairing of these engines take place at various assemblies and sub assemblies. The two terms being used in aerospace industry are Power Plant Engine. The difference between the two is that the Engine without the accessories is called a Power Plant. Description regardingRead MoreStudy on Recruitment and Selection Process18240 Words   |  73 Pageshand knowledge of software packages or typing skills. At a more basic level written tests may be given to assess numeric and literacy. A candidate may also be assessed on the basis of an interview. Sometimes candidates will be requested to provide a rà ©sumà © (also known as a CV) or to complete an application form to provide this evidence. 12 Elements of Recruitment Strategy 1. What are your primary goals? (Why hire?) 2. Prioritization of jobs 3. Performance level to target 4. Experience level to targetRead MoreRecruitment Selection process at WNS11192 Words   |  45 Pages100 ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recipient of Best New Outsourced Services Award by SSON (2009) ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ranked No.2 BPO company in India by Nasscom (2008) ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Received the Silver Plate Award for Community Service by HelpAge India (2007) Domain Leadership: ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Best 10 companies by Industry focus: Utilities - IAOP 2009 Global Outsourcing 100 ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Best 5 companies by Industry focus: Air Transportation - IAOP 2009 Global Outsourcing 100 ââ€"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Best Performing FAO Provider by Global Services 100 (2008)Read MoreA Comparison Between Advertising Agencies’ and Pr Agencies’ Internationalization Motives and Entry Modes - Eight Cases from Sweden20158 Words   |  81 PagesWiedersheim-Paul 1975), or the Uppsala model, the term that will be used throughout this Dissertation thesis, is probably the most influential theoretical model describing the firm internationalization process. Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul (1975) analyzed a sample of large Swedish manufacturing firms and found that they increased their commitment when internationalizing by following the â€Å"establishment chain† of no business operations, exports, sales subsidiary and a manufacturing subsidiary. A second findingRead MoreThe Star-spangeled Side of Cold War2632 Words   |  11 Pagesinterested in them. However none of these programs was fulfilled. In October 1945 the Headquarter Commanders Committee r ecommended to accelerate nuclear investigations, to keep them top secret from any other country and the UN. The next step was US Air Force Commander General Arnolds report in November 1945 which said that the USA should show the potential aggressor, that in case of attack on USA a devastating nuclear attack will follow. However this report was only the beginning. The HeadquarterRead MoreIndustrial Tour Report5988 Words   |  24 Pages4. Methodology This industrial tour is conclusive as well as descriptive in nature. Necessary statistical tools have been applied to carry out the assigned study. The methodological section of the study is designed as under: - 1. SAMPLE Selection: The samples were selected on the basis of the following criteria: ⠝â€" The Factory of BSRM Steels Ltd. is situated in plot no. 4, Fouzderhat Industrial Estate, Chittagong and the Head office of BSRM Group is situated in Ali Mansion, 1173/1207, SadarghatRead MoreProject Report on Bisleri Pvt. Ltd.7274 Words   |  30 Pagesintroduced in Mumbai in glass bottles in two varieties - bubbly still in 1965 by Bisleri Ltd., a company of Italian origin. This company was started by Signor Felice Bisleri who first brought the idea of selling bottled water in India. Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. In 1969 started bottling Mineral water in glass bottles under the brand name Bisleri. Later Parle switched over to PVC non-returnable bottles finally advanced to PET containers. Since 1995 Mr. Ramesh J. Chauhan has startedRead MoreStatement of Purpose Mba4301 Words   |  18 PagesSample Statement of Purpose: MBA The term â€Å"globalism† has become overused, and often misused. In fact, we might say that it has actually been devalued to the level of the everyday language of buzzword-brandishing marketing pundits. Such freewheeling usage has perhaps prompted many a CEO (or future CEO) to launch into a global plan or strategy without proper consideration of the demands and dynamics of the international marketplace. Many would-be globetrotters neglect the acquisition of language skillsRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 PagesExecutive Summary On December 3, 1984, toxic poisonous methyl isocyanate gas leaked from Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL s) pesticide plant in Bhopal. The gas leak triggered a disaster that is now widely recognized as the world worst industrial catastrophe. Thousands of people were killed instantly and more than 25,000 people have died of gas-related illnesses, several thousands more maimed for life since. Union Carbide negotiated a settlement with the Indian Government in 1989 for $470 millionRead MoreConsumer Behaviour of Lg Tv12881 Words   |  52 PagesA PROJECT REPORT ON IMPACT OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON THE MARKETING STRATIGIES OF NEW PRODUCTS WITH REFERNCE TO LG TELEVISION, BANGALORE. SUBMITTED TO ALL INDIA MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT EDUCATION MANAGEMENT HOUSE, 14 INSTITUTIONAL AREA, LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI-110003 OCTOBER 2012 STUDY CENTRE Acharya Institute of Management amp; sciences, Bangalore. Website :- acharyaims.ac.in By SK ABDUS SUBHAN REGISTRATION NO. 420920933 Guided By For the partial fulfilment

Promise and Perils of Globalization - Nike - 7879 Words

1 The Promise and Perils of Globalization: The Case of Nike1 Richard M. Locke Alvin J. Siteman Professor of Entrepreneurship and Political Science MIT 1 This case was prepared for the Sloan School of Management’s 50th Anniversary celebration and should be read in conjunction with â€Å"A Note on Corporate Citizenship.† This case was prepared with the active involvement and research assistance of the following Sloan MBA students: Vanessa Chammah, Brian Curtis, Elizabeth Fosnight, Archana Kalegaonkar, and Adnan Qadir. I would also like to thank Miguel Alexander, Maria Eitel, Dusty Kidd, Joseph Tomasselli and Dara O’Rourke for their helpful comments and assistance during this project. 2 1. Introduction How should global corporations†¦show more content†¦Our business model in 1964 is essentially the same as our model today: We grow by investing our money in design, development, marketing and sales and then contract with other companies to manufacture our products.4 According to company legend, Nike’s business model was developed by Knight while attending Stanford Business School in the early 1960s. Knight realized that while lower-cost, high-quality Japanese producers were beginning to take over the US consumer appliance and electronic markets, most leading footwear companies (e.g., Adidas) were still manufacturing their own shoes in higher-cost countries like the United States and Germany. By outsourcing shoe production to lower-cost Japanese producers, Knight believed that Blue Ribbon Sports could undersell its competitors and break into this market. As a result, Blue Ribbon Sports began to import high-tech sports shoes from Onitsuka Tiger of Japan. As sales increased to almost $2 million in the early 1970s, BLS parted ways with Onitsuka and began to design and subcontract its own line of shoes. The Nike brand was launched in 1972, and the company officially changed its name to Nike, Inc. in 1978. Nike developed a strong working relationship with two Japanese shoe manufacturers, Nippon Rubber and Nihon-Koyo, but as costs/prices increased in Japan over the course of theShow MoreRelatedNike Positive And Negative Effects Of Globalization1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Promises and Perils of the Globalization of Nike Globalization involves global interaction and cooperation between individuals, corporations, countries and their governments. As demand for products grows and the technology it takes to improve the process by which products can be manufactured more cheaply grows, globalization grows as well. It is supported by advancements in technology. These changes can have both short-term and lasting effects on issues surrounding economics, politics, the environmentRead MoreThe Case Of Nike : Review Analysis1334 Words   |  6 Pages Case of Nike: Review Analysis 3 Over the decades, globalization, where economic integration across border allow businesses to expand beyond their domestic boundaries. (Malamud, V. Rotenberg, Y. (2010)); has become a phenomenon that is seen across the globe. Businesses large and both small are able to compete, produce, and sell their products without limits to either demographic or geographic factors. This allows company s to enlarge their base, their workforce, their consumers, and thereforeRead MoreA Case Of Globalization ; Nike. University Of The People1308 Words   |  6 Pages A Case Of Globalization; Nike University Of The People â€Æ' Two decades ago advances in technology developed innovated the way individuals and business interact with each other. Innovations made possible to increase productivity, it made possible for companies and individuals to multitask, for the world to be united, and in general for us to be us. We can summarize this, as the most innovative time of globalization. Globalization comes because advances in technology, desire of individualsRead MoreNike Ethics Case Study1215 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom mass ordering and mass production are opportunities Nike sorted to exploit. However, this is not with problems as might lead to loss of control, and moral concern like was the case with Nike raising concern relating ethical principle in business. In this paper, we shall be answering questions related to the complexities of expansion amid a globalize world drawing inspiration from â€Å"The Promise and Perils of Globalization: The Case of Nike†, a working paper presented by Richard M. Locke and AlvinRead MoreEvaluation of the Company Nike1165 Words   |  5 PagesJust Do It Ever since the 80’s the brand Nike has practically owned the sports merchandise and clothing market. For as long as I can remember Nike has always made my favorite shoes and clothing. This has continued throughout my life up until today, I have easily accounted for over two thousand dollars worth of sales going to the company. Thinking about this made me really question whether my money is going to the right place. According to Nike.com , there overall goal is to develop productsRead MoreNike Case Study Analysis1294 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Introduction Nike, a multinational company is one of the top and well known athletic footwear and apparel producers in the world. It had established production plants in many countries and has many suppliers, distributors, and retailers worldwide. It is well known because of its engagement in international business and the amount of employment it had created around the world. Nike was criticized as a result of how it managed its expansion strategyRead MoreNike s Impact On International Business1294 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nike, a multinational company is one of the top and well known athletic footwear and apparel producers in the world. It had established production plants in many countries and has many suppliers, distributors, and retailers worldwide. It is well known because of its engagement in international business and the amount of employment it had created around the world. Nike was criticized as a result of how it managed its expansion strategy which impacted the company positively and negativelyRead MoreGlobalization Affect Human Rights2465 Words   |  10 Pageslabour issues, the ethical issues related to globalization should be considered. 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Effects of Consumer Behavior on a Product

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Consumer Behavior on a Product. Answer: Introduction Retailers often think that the buying pattern of customers is very random. They think that the buying pattern of the customer is straightforward, they purchase the product or they do not. The customers approach the product market with a straight mindset, which is to try out the product and then buy it (Solomon, 2014). The satisfaction derived by the customer depends on trying out various products for the same purpose and then buying one. However, in practice the process of purchasing is just one step and the real process consists of six stages which help the buyers and sellers to benefit equally. Whenever a problem arises for a customer be it for goods or services they need to identify the product that will solve their problem. The reason should be clear to them as to what is the requirement and from where to procure it. However, if the need varies from the problem then the customer needs to set his priorities again. When the customer gets hold of his problem, his quest for the product begins. When they get hold of the issue, soon afterwards they start looking for the solution at their specific budget. The point of view of the customer is always straightforward (Pinto et al., 2015). The customer will then try to look for some alternatives as to try out different options that may fix his problem. In the present market conditions, where the customer is left with many options to choose from, he will go for the best alternative product that is available at the best possible price. The decision to buy the product comes after thorough research that the customer does while trying to figure out the best product. After exploring the market, the customer has a set mindset on what product to buy and at what price and to proceed with the purchase or not. As soon as the product is final and the decision is made on purchasing the product, the customer purchases it from the dealer. This is one of the important stages of marketing. Soon after the purchase is made, the relation of the dealer and the customer does not end. In order to hold on the customer, the dealer has to keep a check on that customer timely. If the customer is not satisfied with the product, then the dealer needs to work on an exchange program or replace the product to gain the trust of the customer (Bruner II Pomazal, 2013). Social Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior The social factors are the ones that are present in the society where the consumers live. Since a society comprises of individuals who have different tastes and preferences, the consumers are open to a varied number of choices. One of the major influences on the consumer is that the preferences and behavior pattern of a family. Since the individual grows and develops the tastes within the family, his consuming pattern also depends on this factor. There are two types of families, the first is where the consumer is born and develops which is known as Oriental type of family, the second is where the individual himself creates a family that consists of spouse, and children know as the Procreation family (Goh, Heng Lin, 2013). Another type of social factor is the reference group where the individual becomes a member of a particular group. The buying pattern of a consumer gets strongly influenced over each other in a group. Here the initiator initiates what product to buy, the influencer gives his necessary inputs to influence others in buying the product, and the decision maker takes the final decision as to what product to buy and finally the buyer who purchases the product who takes all the consideration in to account (Hugstad, Taylo Bruce, 2013). The third type of social factor is the status of that individual. The individual will purchase only those products that will define their status in the society. The dealer needs to understand the position the customer holds in the society and be prepared with that type of products which will suit him (Javadi et al., 2012). Cultural Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior These factors are the one that an individual acquires during the course of his life time through their family or other institutions. The preference pattern and perceptions develop over a period as and when the individual grows. Culture is defined as the custom or tradition an individual follows. As and when the individual grows up and acquires the knowledge of buying and to take decisions, which is good for the person (Leonidou, Leonidou Kyasova, 2013). Cultural practices vary from place to place and are different on a global scale. Culture can further be divided into subculture where the basis of culture narrows down to specific beliefs. It depends on the region, religion and the country from where the individual belongs. The various sub cultures has to be taken into account by the marketer before selling his products (Schiffman et al., 2013). The social class also influences the pattern of buying of an individual. The society is divided into upper, middle and lower class. The individual belonging to any of that section shares the same interest that the other person also has. The upper class people will buy lavish goods and can afford to pay whereas the middle class family will have necessary items more and less of luxury products. The lower class will only have the necessary products as they can only afford that. These are some of the factors, which influences an individual in the decision of buying products culturally (Solomon, Russell-Benett Previte, 2012). To understand the marketing mix properly, an example of one of the largest dairy farms in Australia has been taken, Fonterra and the product being TIP TOP Berry Ripple ice cream. They supply to more than 140 countries and has farmlands globally. They employ around 16,000 people to manage their large farms and produce one of the best qualities of milk products. They apply various marketing strategies so that their products are available without any difficulty to their customers through local dairy shops and also through the supermarkets. Pricing It is one of the most important factors in the marketing mix as the organization earns revenue based on its pricing of the product. The pricing policies constantly change depending on the shares in the market and the factor of fluctuation being present (Goi, 2015). Fonterras TIP TOP berry ice cream was priced at $4.99, which helped them, capture the market on the first hand ("Fonterra - Our Brands", 2016). Once the market is captured they will increase the price as that will give them the competitive edge over others. Consumers will pay more for that product as they got a taste of it and think that the product is superior to the ones available in the market. Product The ice cream provided by TIP TOP proves out to be beneficial for people of all ages. It has all the valuables that milk contains in a tub of ice cream that everyone likes, unlike milk, which may not be liked by certain people of the society. The product has no artificial ingredients, there is no adulteration, and the percentage of fat is very less ("Fonterra - Our Brands", 2016). The sugar content of the product is also very less thus making the product very healthy and enjoyable. Place The manufacturing of the ice cream takes place in the factory where it is stored in big tubs and cones of all different types. After the completion of the product, it gets packed and transported to various wholesalers and retail outlets in and around Australia through trucks. The store then via word of mouth policy ensures that the consumers are aware of the availability of the product. Promotion It is the strategy that the company undertakes to communicate the presence of the product to the target market. Promotion involves the process of awareness created by the company to its customers as new goods are always available in the market on a daily basis. Promotion helps in identifying the product and the company that is there in the market to its target customers. It also shapes up the demand supply chain of the product and highlight the product when any customers enters a shop (Tapp Spotswood, 2013). The promotional activities taken up by TIP TOP are through ads and free sampling of the product. The advertising medium used by TIP TOP is mainly restricted to billboards in bus stands and through television. Since the mark audience is mainly children, so the use of newspapers will be an added cost to the company as children do not read papers ("Fonterra - Our Brands", 2016). So in between, any cartoon program an ad of some seconds can leave a lasting impression of the product in the mind of the child. The logo used by the company also states that on a hot summer families are spending time with each other also have an impact on many families. The promotional method that the company uses is that for every goods worth $10.00 or more, the customer will receive an additional one point as benefit. This type of promotions helps the brand to be recognized amongst the people. Frees samples are also provided in the sampling points that are available in the stores or on a beach on a hot day also helps in brand recognition. Public Relations Sponsoring social events is an useful way of creating brand awareness and brand image of the product. TIP TOP contributes 1% of the sales for every trumpet that is sold in the country and 2% of the sales is contributed to social events and charities on the sale of 2-litre tubs of ice cream ("Fonterra - Our Brands", 2016). Communication and Coordination The status that a company achieves in the market is because of a good workforce that prevails inside the company (Khan, 2014). Fonterras process includes the human resource management (HRM), research and development (RD), and the secretarial teams that make this brand worthy to its customers. The HRM team focuses on the hiring and directing of the employees to get a better output. the team recruits the best possible employees that are available and guides them through various training processes which help them in understanding the product and manufacturing it. The team looks after the organizational structure, benefits and employee motivation so that the employees have a healthy environment to work in. The team hires best in class web designers so that the products of Fonterra are available online for the customers to get access ("Fonterra - Our Brands", 2016). The RD team is of great importance as they keep a track on the competition and the manufacturing processes. The team keeps a regular check on the ads that are being published so that rival companies do not manufacture the same product. They also provide feedbacks and thoughts about how to improve the products depending on the change in the preferences of the consumers. This team looks after all the needs of the consumers and the marketing factor ("Fonterra - Our Brands", 2016). Communication is also an important part to influence behavioral patterns in a company. The channels of communication can be messages, calls or emails. For the communication to be effective, an appropriate medium needs to be taken so that the message reaches without any delay (Cross, Belich Rudelius, 2015). Fonterra uses messages, emails, videos and power point presentation as a means of effective communication. Market Segmentation used by Fonterra Fonterra has one of the best market segmentation strategies. They have segmented their market specifically according to age. Since all age groups like ice cream the company tries to attract people according to their ages such as young children likes some good, new and refreshing flavors while the adult generation may try to try out some new flavors (Wedel Kamakura, 2012). The older generation will always go for their old time classics what they used to enjoy in their young ages. TIP TOP ice cream also conducts small interviews with their customers when they come to buy product as to what new products or flavors can be done to be the crowd favorite. They take qualitative feedbacks from their customers, which help them to make the product better while staying in the same price range (Baker Saren, 2016). Since customer loyalty plays a big part in the company they give bonus points to the customers who buy products worth $10.00 or more. This is a tactic that they use in order to retain their customer base and also earn more customers. Target Market of Fonterra While selecting the target audience of a product by the company, they have to choose whether the company will be focused on one group or it will be available for all types of groups living in a society (Hennart, 2012). Due to a vast customer base of Fonterra, the expert team manages the target audience very wisely. The monetary profits that the company will gain by selling TIP TOP are well executed by the marketing plans that the company sets and even exceeds the pre-planned profits because of the accessibility that the brand created in the market (Aghaie Alimardani, 2015). Almost all customers have access to the brand wherever they reside in the country. Targeting young ages often includes the entire family coming in and the customer base just gets larger with each passing day (Brantingham, 2013). Conclusion Ice cream industry is one of the oldest yet the most creative industry in the present world. The change in the preference of consumers, the impulsive decision to purchase, availability of the product if it is seasonal and high competition of prices are the prime factors that the demand of the consumers keep on changing. Identification of the brand is very much required for the product to capture the market (Mullen Johnson, 2013). Children need to be aware of the brand and the flavors of the ice cream because they are the ones who will influence their friends and their families. Advertising the brand is also required in order to make a base in the market and that people will want to taste their quality. Advertising helps in creating awareness of the product and the preference of the consumer can be judged (Juster, 2015). The goodwill of the brand depends on how well the market is coping up with the presence of the brand. In the present situation, internet plays a huge role in develop ing the brand. Fonterra uses the internet very wisely and the products are very well within the reach of the customers. They do not want their customer base to leave them and shift to another brand due to the non-availability of the product on the internet (Reny, 2015). Reference List Aghdaie, M. H., Alimardani, M. (2015). Target market selection based on market segment evaluation: a multiple attribute decision making approach.International Journal of Operational Research,24(3), 262-278. Baker, M. J., Saren, M. (Eds.). (2016).Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Brantingham, P. J. (2013). The theory of target search. Bruner II, G. C., Pomazal, R. J. (2013). Problem recognition: The crucial first stage of the consumer decision process.Journal of Consumer Marketing. Cross, J. C., Belich, T. J., Rudelius, W. (2015). How marketing managers use market segmentation: an exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer International Publishing. Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S., Lin, Z. (2013). Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content.Information Systems Research,24(1), 88-107. Goi, C. L. (2015). Marketing Mix: A review of'P'.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2005. Hennart, J. F. (2012). Emerging market multinationals and the theory of the multinational enterprise.Global Strategy Journal,2(3), 168-187. Hugstad, P., Taylor, J. W., Bruce, G. D. (2013). The effects of social class and perceived risk on consumer information search.Journal of Services Marketing. Javadi, M. H. M., Dolatabadi, H. R., Nourbakhsh, M., Poursaeedi, A., Asadollahi, A. R. (2012). An analysis of factors affecting on online shopping behavior of consumers.International Journal of Marketing Studies,4(5), 81. Juster, F. T. (2015).Anticipations and purchases: An analysis of consumer behavior. Princeton University Press. Khan, M. T. (2014). The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International Journal of Information, Business and Management,6(2), 95. Leonidou, L. C., Leonidou, C. N., Kvasova, O. (2013). Cultural drivers and trust outcomes of consumer perceptions of organizational unethical marketing behavior.European Journal of Marketing,47(3/4), 525-556. Mullen, B., Johnson, C. (2013).The psychology of consumer behavior. Psychology Press. Pinto, N. P., Gomes, D. D. O., Cavalcante, F., Mendes, G. A., Sales, R. K. L. (2015). The influence of social networks on consumers' buying decision process-a study of tourism products.Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences,4(3), 1-10. Reny, P. J. (2015). A characterization of rationalizable consumer behavior.Econometrica,83(1), 175-192. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A., Carlson, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. (2012).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Tapp, A., Spotswood, F. (2013). From the 4Ps to COM-SM: Reconfiguring the social marketing mix.Journal of Social Marketing,3(3), 206-222. Wedel, M., Kamakura, W. A. (2012).Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Fonterra - Our Brands. (2016). Fonterra.com. Retrieved December 24, 2016, from https://www.fonterra.com/au/en/Our+Products/Our+Brands

Compare and Contrast the Different Ways in Which Economic Development Affected Politics in Massachusetts and Virginia in the Period from 1607 to 1750. free essay sample

Honors US History I July 7, 2011 Essay Question: #3 Compare and contrast the different ways in which economic development affected politics in Massachusetts and Virginia in the period from 1607 to 1750. From all of the colonies that resulted from European expansion and conquest, perhaps the two most famous would be those of Virginia and Massachusetts. The economic development of Massachusetts and Virginia started in the same period of time but had many differences between them. Each was established by the similar groups of people but they had different eginnings, also a different view on religion, and different means economic stability, which created two different politics and economic systems. The settlements of Virginia and Massachusetts were both established about the same time, but the ways that they were established were incredibly different from each other. The first difference seen in the beginning of the colonies was caused by trial and error. The Virginia Companies had many failures and close calls, while Massachusetts has a successful first settlement y smart decisions regarding food and planning made this possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Different Ways in Which Economic Development Affected Politics in Massachusetts and Virginia in the Period from 1607 to 1750. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second difference also occurred was leaderships in each company. Virginia did not have good leadership until John Smith came and started well thought out society based on a set of ideals made life easy to follow. Before the time being, Massachusetts had John Winthrop who successfully developed the settlement in the area. The third difference between the beginnings of Massachusetts and Virginia were the workers in the work forces. Virginia’s eople were lazy and relied on the native people. While Massachusetts was settled by hard working Puritans, who did not have as much problems with natives in the beginning. In conclusion, the differences in the settlement’s upbringing were not the only thing that divided the two colonies. Another reason why the colonies divided was the differ views on religion helped to shape the economy of both settlements. The Virginia and Massachusetts Companies both realized that they would need to have a strong economic system, but their vie ws on religion nd profit had too many differences and resulted in different systems. The most obvious difference between the colonies was the religion. The Puritans believed in self-control and no need for â€Å"excessive† profits. Virginia had problems with embezzling, overcharging, and the use of company laborers. The second difference between the colonies was the Native American relations. Virginia had problems with natives from the start. Massachusetts learned the best ways to survive in the area by watching and having good relationships with the natives. The third difference was the urban life. Both societies were impacted with an increase in immigrants, creating a competition for work. Boston was the worst and people looked to the community for help. In conclusion, all of the differences resulted in two economic systems that were successful, but very different. Both Virginia and Massachusetts had the same goal of colonial success and stability but their ways about securing the stability and gaining economic success and wealth reflected their previous established â€Å"morals and values†. The first difference was the establishment of plantations. Virginia began to establish plantations for tobacco and Massachusetts was a seaport. Both began to suffer from the increase of immigrants, which created more competition for work. This leads to the second difference, which was competition. The competition for work in each colony that each suffered but Virginia more than Massachusetts. The third difference was slavery. Virginia made its money through tobacco, and with that came an increase in slavery. Massachusetts did not have as great demand for slaves. In conclusion, although both of the settlements had different point of views, neither of them could avoid the problems from increase of immigration and both relied on their separate means of profit. In the end, it can be seen that both companies had similar goals and realized what needed to be done to make their colonies last, but the methods that they used was incredibly different in many ways. From Virginia and Massachusetts it can be proven that two colonies with the same goal can come to two separate political systems based off of their economic development.

Characteristics of Organizational Culture

Organization culture is defined as a system of collective values and beliefs held by organizational members (Argüden 34). As such, organization culture determines how organizational members interact with each other. In an organization, culture comprises of an organization’s values, vision, norms, systems, beliefs, and habits.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Characteristics of Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, organization culture comprises of an institution’s collective behaviors and assumptions. When new members join an organization, they are taught how to perceive, think, and feel in every particular situation. Argüden defines organization culture as a habitual and conventional way of thinking and acting (Argüden 42). Every organization has distinct values, secret languages, habits, and myths that have been developed over time. Characteristics of o rganizational culture Several management books have identified numerous characteristics of organization culture (Ashkanasy Celeste 12). Because there are several variables involved, organization culture varies from one organization to the other. According to Cameron and Robert, organization culture can be characterized as values that are passed over to new employees through socialization, influence an individual behavior, and operate at different levels to (Cameron Robert 6). In general, six characteristics of organization culture have been identified. The first characteristic of an organization cultures is that they are collective. Organizational cultures are classified as social entities. This implies that an organization’s leader might exert a cultural influence in a particular organization, but it will necessitate a collective agreement and action for it to be adopted within the organization. Equally, organization culture is attributed to all employees’ behaviors , beliefs, and cultures. Another characteristic of organization culture is that it is emotionally charged. In every organization, employees consider their organizational cultures as comforting refuge blanket that permits them to tackle their insecurities and fears. Usually, employees develop a strong emotional attachment with their organizational cultures. Thorough this, employees have safeguarded their organizational cultures without questioning on their values (Bellingham 32).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third characteristic of organization culture is that it is historically based. In every organization, mutual experiences over a period bind employees together. Employees tend to associate and identify themselves with other employees who have had similar life experiences. This explains how employees build trust and loyalty, the two key aspects of organizational aspects, by constantly sharing similar experiences through predictable patterns of words and actions. Equally, organization culture can be described as inherently symbolic. Outstanding symbolic actions are the foundations of every great organizational culture. In this regard, if executives want to change the image of its organization they must lead through actions by changing their attributes and actions.  Another characteristic of organization culture is that it is dynamic. In an organization, organization culture enhances conformity, predictability, and stability. However, it should be noted that as people try to relate, communicate, and conform to an organizational cultural changes occur. For instance, a new employee who calls an organization’s executive by his or her first name might be astonished later to note that no one calls the organization’s executives by his or her name. It should be noted that organization culture varies from one organization to the othe r. In every organization, cultures and values can be portrayed through the way employees relate among themselves and with the outsiders. For instance, Etisalat Corporation is reputable for being proud of its employees, stakeholders, and its customers. Their sense of pride is evident from the way employees relate among themselves. According to the company’s spokesperson, their organization culture can be described using one word â€Å"Proud.† Through this organizational culture, every employee at Etisalat aims to be the best in everything they do, to priorities their customers, and always dream big to achieve great rewards. Similarly, Etisalat’s organization culture can be described as respectful. In the organization, employees take care of one other as they would like to be treated and respect each other’s opinions. In addition, the organization’s culture can be portrayed as unique, outstanding, and delivering.Advertising We will write a custo m assessment sample on Characteristics of Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on these attributes, the company has managed to exceed their expectations, come up with innovative opportunities, and ensure that they deliver on their promises. As noted above, Etisalat culture differs from the cultures of other organizations. Through this, the organization has been able to provide a sense of behavior among its employees and customers. The impact of an organization culture and values on leadership Cultural values have an impact on a range of features in an organization. Notably organizational and managerial behaviors are greatly affected by the organization culture portrayed in every organization. For Corporation within several departments, organization culture has intense effects on the organization’s decision approaches and results of these decisions. In every organization, the impacts of organization cult ure are dependent on the cultural structures adopted. According to Handy, organizational cultures are associated with particular structural forms (Frost 123). Based on this argument, culture can be classified into power cultures, role cultures, and task cultures. Power culture refers to a form of culture that depends on a sole source of influence. This form of culture is usually referred to as a spider’s web owing to its concentration of power at the center (Frost 123). The power culture is popular among small business organizations. Usually, the prevailing power and influence are accredited to a single person or a power clique comprising of a small number of individuals. The organization’s leadership emanates from a central entity with rays of authority and influence dispersing from the central entity. Normally, the rays of power are joined by functions. Working in such organizations requires employees to accurately predict what is expected of them from the power hold ers and execute their duties as required. Unlike other forms of cultures, few regulations and bureaucracy depict power culture. Similarly, power cultures are described as political organizations rather than social organizations. Power cultures are political organizations because their choices are influenced by balance of influence more willingly than on logical grounds. In addition, power cultures have been known to possess dramatic reactions. Through this, they can react swiftly to opportunities or threats. Unlike other forms of cultures, power cultures are interested in the results and have little significance on the procedures used in obtaining the results. One major disadvantage, exhibited by these power cultures is that they cannot withstand too much organizational growth. For instance, when power cultures expand by seeking several activities they collapse.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other, hand role culture can be described as a form of culture that seeks to achieve logic and reason through the bureaucratic organizational structure. It is referred to as a role structure for the reason that roles or positions are allocated to the individuals who fill the vacant positions. Through this structure, an organization can sustain its growth from the contribution of several individuals rather than from an individual. In the long term, the organization can recruit more people to fill several emerging roles in the organization. With this form of culture, every role or position has responsibilities and expectations expected from individuals who fill the positions. To make certain that every employee knows their responsibilities and expectations, organizations ensure that their tasks and set of laws are appropriately codified and negotiated. In cases where roles are not clearly defined, individuals are expected to behave as though their roles are legitimately authori zed. Generally, role power is restricted between certain domains. Beyond these domains, the effectiveness of role power ceases to be relevant. For instance, a unit manager for a service company has role power within his or her unit. Outside the unit, the manager has no role power.  Alternatively, task culture has no solitary source of power (Cameron Robert 56). In this form culture, executives allocate their subordinates to projects. These projects are supposed to be completed autonomously by specific employees who are brought together for the project only. Unlike other forms of cultures, this culture is inherently cross-functional. It allows several experts to mingle together in project teams. The effectiveness of this culture depends on the managers’ abilities to identify and bring together right individuals at the right time to work on a specific project. How organizational specific, legal, regulatory and ethical requirements impact on leadership demands Organizational specific, legal, regulatory, and ethical requirements influence an organization in a number of ways. Legal requirements outline what is expected from organization leaders. In some instances, organizational leaders aiming to exploit on cheap labor may find out that their ambitions are restricted by legal requirements. Through regulatory policies, organizational leaders are required to comply with the existing rules. Equally, ethical requirements restrict leaders from exercising leadership styles that are deemed unethical. The relationship between management and leadership There are several relationships between leadership and management. The two comprises of similar roles, as several leadership and management role involve the combination of the two roles (Schein 12). Equally, personality style is an eminent aspect of both. Notably, individuals who possess leadership skills tend to pursue dreams aim at managerial tasks. In general, leadership entails setting up new directions for an o rganization. On the other hand, management entails a process meant to direct and control conventional principles. Evaluate leadership styles The need for effective leadership in our governments and institutions is evident from the current leadership wrangles. In our business organizations, increases in staff turnover cases imply that our institutions are in need of effective leadership styles. According to business experts, leadership styles are not to be experimented on but to be developed to fit the particular work environment. Several business management experts have come up with various leadership styles that can be adopted to end specific challenges facing organizations (Kippenberger 7). Among these leadership styles are dictatorial style, authoritative style, constructive style, and participative style. In dictatorial leadership style, an executive behaves like a dictator. This implies that all the employees are required to act as their executive orders. Similarly, this type o f leadership style allows the executive to make all the organization’s decisions without consulting with the subordinates. When the employees fail to act in accordance with the executive’s orders they are punished accordingly. This kind of leadership style is appropriate during emergencies, when employees’ safety is at risk, and when stern discipline needs to be undertaken to punish rogue employees. Another common leadership style is authoritative leadership. With authoritative leadership style executives considers themselves the most qualified decision makers in an organization. In this regard, subordinates and other junior employees are rarely given chances to participate in matters that pertain to their organization. Through this leadership style, executives can use their subordinates to achieve their own personal interests. This leadership style is most preferred when a company hires new employees who are unfamiliar with their tasks, when there is habitual m isuse of authority, and when company rules are violated. One major disadvantage associated with this leadership style is that it allows executives to undermine the potential capabilities of their subordinate. Through this, an organization can fail to tap its employees’ full potential. Unlike the above leadership styles, consultative leadership style enables the executives to engage their employees in the management of their organizations. Through this leadership style, all employees are assured that they will contribute in organizations’ problem solving and team building activities. Similarly, unlike the other two leadership styles this style of leadership allows employees to foster their self-confidence as their effort is appreciated at all levels. Equally, through this approach employees full potential can be exploited fully enhancing the organization’s innovation. In general, this leadership style focuses on maximizing on individuals’ experiences, skil ls, and knowledge. It should be noted that executives have the final decision making power. This implies that executives are first consulted before the subordinates initiate any major decisions. In the same way, executives cannot implement any major changes before taking the input from those who will be affected by the changes. This mode of leadership style is appropriate when an organization needs an innovative solution, is conducting planning meetings for its departments, training employees for leadership roles, and when performing day-to-day organizational activities. Another major leadership style is participative leadership. In this form of leadership, individuals’ efforts in an organization are considered regardless of their job levels. Just like the consultative leadership style, participative leadership styles enable an organization to maximize on their employees’ experiences, skills, and knowledge. Through this leadership, an organization can enhance its emplo yees’ creativity creating a culture of innovation. Why leadership style needs to be adapted in different situations In the contemporary society, competition exists in every sector. As such, business organizations are not exceptional. Organizations are continuously struggling to come up with better goods and services than their competitors. To achieve this, an organization needs a leader with unique leadership styles (Hiebert Bruce 43). An efficient leader should possess leadership traits that adapt to every situation challenging the operation of an organization. Unlike in the past, current business environments are ever changing. This implies that leadership styles should be adapted to suit the dynamic work environment. Another reason why leadership styles should be adapted to every situation is that there exist different business structures in the contemporary society. For instance, a young company will change its leadership styles more often in the future as the company ex pands (Hiebert Bruce 46). Similarly, as the layers of decision making in the company become complex as the company expands the company’s executives might be required to amend on their leadership styles to match with the organizational changes. Works Cited Argüden, R. YÄ ±lmaz. Keys to governance strategic leadership for quality of life. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print. Ashkanasy, Neal M., and Celeste Wilderom. Handbook of organizational culture climate . Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2000. Print. Bellingham, Richard. The manager’s pocket guide to corporate culture change. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press, 2001. Print. Cameron, Kim S., and Robert E. Quinn. Diagnosing and changing organizational culture : based on the competing values framework. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 2009. Print. Frost, Peter J.. Reframing organizational culture. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2001. Print. Hiebert, Murray, and Bruce Klatt. The encyclopedia of leadership: a practical guide to popular leadership theories and techniques . New York: McGraw Hill, 2001. Print. Kippenberger, Tony. Leadership styles. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub., 2002. Print. Schein, Edgar H.. Organization culture and leadership. 5nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002. Print. This assessment on Characteristics of Organizational Culture was written and submitted by user Giovani I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Tourism Essay Essays

Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Tourism Essay Essays Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Tourism Essay Essay Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Tourism Essay Essay Pulau Pinang or Penang is one of the unique and attractive topographic points in Malaysia with its many civilizations which make Penang one of tourer s favourite topographic points and tourers attractive forces. Basically, Penang is celebrated for their nutrient, faiths, civilizations and touristry site. Harmonizing to the UNESCO Worlds Heritage Site of Georgetown says that there are many faiths, civilizations and nutrients in Penang, therefore they can intermix it good together to do Penang one of the well known provinces in Malaysia [ 1 ] . There is press statement by YB Danny Law Heng Kiang the Penang State Exco for Tourism Development and Culture said that Penang is ranked in the 3rd topographic point under Kuala Lumpur, and Genting Highland ( Pahang ) for their touristry finish in Malaysia [ 1 ] . At first, Malacca is on top of Penang as touristry finish because they receive about 8.9 million tourer reaching in the twelvemonth 2009. Unfortunately, that statement by Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen may be a error because as we can see from the tabular array 2, Penang has more tourers reaching comparison to Malacca [ 1 ] . Harmonizing Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, Penang is an island with an country of 108 sq mi/280 sq kilometer and it is known as one of the busiest ports in the yesteryear and it is located in the passs of Malacca, on the North-West Coast of Malaysia. Penang is really celebrated for their beautiful beaches and islands, nutrients, cultural, faiths and many more [ 2 ] . During 16th century, Lusitanian merchandisers Penang was travel from Goa ( India ) to Far East hunt for spices, fresh H2O so they stopped in Penang. In 1786, Penang was really popular among the plagiarists because they steal ships that cross along Straits of Malacca. At one point, Penang became popular in eighteenth century and at the same clip, Captain Francis Light enter to Penang and get down to hold good relationship with the locals and besides the Sultan of Kedah in 1771. Unfortunately, at that minute itself Sultan of Kedah handed Penang to Captain Francis Light in order to acquire protection against the menaces of Burmese and Siamese. After that, they called Penang as Prince of Wales Island and after the colony ; Sultan Abdullah found out that he is being cheated by the British by non willing to offer protection therefore he gathered his ground forces to recapture Penang. Lastly, after extended old ages of fighting between the locals and the British, Malaysia achieves indepen dency in 31st August 1957 and Penang is one of the 13 provinces. Penang now is known as Pulau Pinang [ 3 ] . Listen Read phonetically What is the Culture in Penang? The civilizations in Penang are really alone and most of the tourers interested to cognize more about Penang s civilization. In 2008, the population is Penang about 2 million on the island and 1 million is in Seberai Prai which consists of 42 % Chinese, 41 % Malay, 10 % for Indian and besides 5 % for the Peranakan or Baba Nyonya. Baba Nyonya s civilization in Penang is different from Malacca. Baba Nyonya s in Malacca can talk fluid Malay whereby in Penang, the Baba Nyonya s speaks mixture of Hokkien, Malay and English and most of the Baba Nyonya s in Penang still pattern their Chinese faith and hereditary worshipping [ 4 ] . Basically, linguistic communication that being spoken in Penang is Malay linguistic communication whereby English and the Chinese ( Hokkien ) besides being spoken widely in Penang. And in conclusion the Tamil linguistic communication is being spoken by the Tamils among their community. Next is the faith in Penang which most of the people believes such as Buddhist, Islam, Hindu, Christian, and many more. Basically, Buddhism is one of the chief faiths in Penang whereby Islam still the official faith of the province. As you can see that Penang s civilization is a mixture of Malay, Chinese Indian and it is really interesting for tourer s attractive forces [ 4 ] . Furthermore, Penang is celebrated for their nutrient and this is one of the Penang s civilizations. The nutrient in Penang can easy acquire about everyplace and anytime in Penang. Harmonizing the clip magazine in 2004, Penang has been the best street nutrient in Asia. Penang is the lone topographic point to happen such a fantastic, tasty and nice nutrient and besides it is so inexpensive compared to Kuala Lumpur and sometimes people called Penang is the nutrient Eden to eat. The nutrient in Penang is an mixture of Chinese, Nyonya, Malay, India, Thai culinary art. There in Penang besides celebrated for the peddlers nutrient which they sell and served by the route side [ 4 ] . Besides that, one of the ground why Penang famous is because they have assorted of events and festivals that they celebrates such as Penang International Dragon Boat Festival, Chin-gay, Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Thaipusam, Chinese New Year, Hungry Ghost Festival and many more. These festivals would pull many tourers from all over the universe to come and see throughout the festivals. Furthermore, it would be nice if tourers from Malaysia or outside Malaysia to give support and celebrates together in these interesting events. The international firedrake boat festival normally held around June and July during the school vacations. Chingay is one of the celebrated cultural events in penang because it is being celebrated because of the birthday of Kuan Yin or the Goodness of Mercy. Normally, this event is being celebrated every twelvemonth and attracts tourers as far from United States, Japan, South Africa and besides Netherlands. Chingay festival is a parade which squads of people will demo their accomplishments at equilibrating 40 foot bamboo range poles on their organic structure such as caputs, shoulder, custodies, and articulatio genuss. And in conclusion, Pesta Pulau Pinang is one of the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. Pesta Pulau Pinang is a carnival that being celebrated in December and it ever be lively, go oning and colourful carnival every twelvemonth. There would hold a tonss of activity includes unfastened air concerts, assortment shows, nutrient bazars, merriment carnivals, pet shows, exhibitions, games and many more [ 5 ] . What is an event? Basically events is about to hold a peculiar map or to inform our guest that when some exciting things is traveling to go on and traveling to observe. For illustration, book launches nuptialss, concerts, carnivals and many more. It is more like a readyings for that peculiar maps to do it runs swimmingly and attractively. It starts from the PA systems, music, VIP suites, nutrients, ruddy rug, invitees and many more [ 6 ] . Cultural events that being celebrated by in Penang Penang is celebrated for their civilizations, ethnicities, nutrients and festivals. Penang s has so many events and festivals that being celebrated throughout the twelvemonth. Hence, the full tourer from every parts of the universe celebrates together with colourful occurrences events in Penang. There are few festivals that being celebrated by all races in Penang such As Chinese New Year, International Dragon Boat Festival, Penang Beach Carnival, Penang Cultural Festival, Malaysia Festival and Pesta Pulau Festivals. The intent all these festivals are held because is to garner everyone and celebrates the harmonious and alone multi civilization in Penang. Many activities are held on the festival s illustration manner parades, inter-hotel competition, public presentation, sell handcrafts, and many more [ 7 ] . 1.2 The Problem Statement The intent of me taking this subject is because as we can see Penang is developing to one of the taking touristry provinces. Cultural and events touristry is a merchandise which is hard to be tested foremost earlier usage, so by holding the cultural events in Penang can besides gives Penang acknowledgment as a universe heritage site and will be portraying the cultural diverseness of Penang. On top of that, by holding cultural events and festivals in Penang can analyse the figure of tourers inbounds to Penang. Besides that, tourers can come over and seek to see and distribute the intelligence to everyone out at that place about the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. There are few popular cultural events that being celebrated such as Thaipusam, Chap Goh Meh, St. Anne s festival, hungry shade festival and many more. Basically, Penang is celebrated for their cultural diverseness where they preserve their ain traditions and executing humanistic disciplines. On t op of that, Penang has ain tradition of street civilization, jubilations, festivals, and cultural groups and it will be the most unforgettable minutes for the tourers who come and experience the festivals. Last, the Visit Calendar 2010 has their programs to do Penang as the active touristry sector. Research Objectives/ Aims The aim of this proposal is: To analyse the figure of tourers inbounds to Penang during the cultural events jubilation. To unify all people together to observe cultural events in Penang to back up the motto Satu Malaysia . To look into the figure of tourers that visit Penang harmonizing their nationalities. To find the most favourable cultural events to the least popular and why? To analyze the gross or loses generated by tourers as to the cost incurred by the province authorities to these events. By roll uping these consequences, we can find whether to prolong, continue or to advance cultural events or festivals for the coming old ages. Research Questions What are the figure of tourers inbound to Penang in the 2009? Should Ministry of Tourism Malaysia promote more cultural events jubilations in order to give Penang acknowledgment as a universe heritage site? Should we continue, promote and prolong our cultural events in Penang in order to draw more tourers from all over the universe? What the pull factors are for tourers to visits Penang every twelvemonth? Hypothesis Statement Hypothesis statement for this subject would be that Penang s civilization has a alone property that brings people together by holding cultural events and festivals throughout the twelvemonth. To tout those cultural events and festivals requires fiscal capital, rational capital, cultural capital and besides societal capital to run the events [ 8 ] . The being of cultural events makes people understand other people s civilization better so that they can understand one and another every bit good as back uping our Malaya s slogan which is Satu Malaysia . Harmonizing to Datuk Lim Guan Eng, the Chief Minister of Penang says that they have to give 100 % committedness to protect, continue, sustain and advance the cultural events in Penang so that it can convey the people together and unify the civilization and observe it jointly. These would reflect the multiracial people and good continue civilization and heritage which is being listed in UNESCO World Cultural and Heritage Site recently [ 9 ] . In the past 6 old ages, there were 12 states affected by Tsunami catastrophe on 26th September 2004 and one of the states is Malaysia. There were two provinces in Malaysia was affected by Tsunami which is Penang and Kedah. Both these countries lost everything during the tsunami catastrophes. At that clip, most of the people or tourers are in fright for going to other states. Most of the fisherman s small town in Kedah is destroyed by the tsunami. On top of that, Penang s touristry somewhat decline due to this unwanted catastrophe. The Government, Corporate, NGO s, and besides persons contribute 1000000s of dollars to assist the victim s adjustment, medical and many more [ 9 ] . Furthermore, there was a alteration in political relations, economic system and society due to the tsunami catastrophe. Penang s economic system somewhat decline because lacking of tourers from outside and inside the state. Tourists afraid to come and visits Penang therefore non much activity or jubilations ca n we held during that peculiar period of timer [ 9 ] . As we know that the mass media plays of import functions in advancing any advertizement does nt count in the web site or in the day-to-day newspaper. By advancing and publicize something in the web site or newspaper, wireless, telecasting and so forth may increase the figure of tourers who come to Penang. This is one of the schemes to draw tourers to come to Penang after the Tsunami s calamity. There are some advertizements that may force tourers out of their province or state to come to Penang by holding Cheap Air Flight to Penang inclusive Hotel Rooms. For illustration, in figure 1.0 and figure 1.1 show that Air Asia offer or promotes inexpensive flight tickets inclusive a room for the tourers every bit below as Rm1.00 [ 10 ] . Tourists can take to wing either Penang, Kuching, Kuala Lumpur, and Johor Bahru. The travelling period for the tourers is at any clip in July 1st 2011 to November tenth 2011. This is because we want more tourers to come to Penang for holiday and besides at t he same clip we can advance different cultural events and festivals that are being observing every month [ 10 ] . Furthermore, Penang State Tourism is advancing their province as by the run goes Visit Penang 2010-1012 . So there are many sorts of activities and events is held for illustration Esplanade in Action- an Evening of Cultural Performance, Penang Sakura Blossom, Chinese New Year cruise-Lili Marleen and many more. Besides that, the nutrient is one of the attractive forces besides cultural events in Penang for illustration, Thai Food Fiesta 2010, Penang Durian and Fruits Festivals, Pesta Pulau Pinang and many more. Harmonizing to Natalie Lee, one of the pupils from University New South Wales stated that Facebook is one of the top turning societal networking in the universe nowadays which has more than 140 million users in the whole universe. It allows us to happen and pass on with our friends and portion exposures, advancing touristry sites and many more. Penang promotes their touristry sites through Facebook, websites, web logs and many more to draw tourers from every parts of the universe. They can portion exposures, promote hotel suites, flight tickets to Penang, and update latest events in penang and advance it to all their household members, friends and many more. It is one of the best ways to advance Penang to foreigners [ 11 ] . . Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework Theoretical model As what I have showed the conceptual model below shows that the research is focus more on the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. It will be scoped into structural support and cultural infrastructure/ infinites for the cultural events. Following under structural support diagram it will be divided into few points such as managing publicities, fining, licensing, printing and distribution of circulars. Besides that, for the cultural substructure / infinites will be divided into two chief points which is cultural hub and besides communities. At the top portion of the model shows that some of the events and festivals that is being celebrated by all races in Penang. Cultural festivals that being celebrated in Penang is Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hungry Ghost Festival, Chingay, Bon Odori and many more. The intent of observing these festivals is because to prolong and advance the cultural events in Penang therefore promote it to tourers from every parts of the universe. For the 2nd stage of the model, is the cultural substructure and infinites which can be divided into two parts which is cultural hub and communities. Harmonizing to S.B.Tan, Professor School Of Art, University Sains Malaysia says that the cultural hub, is fundamentally where the public presentations or festivals is traveling to carried out, for illustration museums, eating houses, and many more. Whereby, for the communities are fundamentally about where the festivals or events should should be placed in countries where most of the people live, for illustration metropolis in Georgetown or Balik Pulau. It would be much easier for the people in Penang to go to those peculiar topographic points to observe the events [ 12 ] . Traveling on, on the 3rd stage is the structural support for illustration handling publicity, fining, licensing, distribution circulars and printing. Conceptual model Cultural Events Tourism For Penang Events and festivals Pesta Pulau Pinang Bon Odori Chingay Hungry Ghost Festival Cultural infrastructure/ infinites Communities It should be placed in countries where the people lives Eg: metropolis of Georgetown or Balik Pulau. Cultural Hub where the performances/ festivals, events is traveling to carried out eg: museums, eating houses, and many more Structural support Printing and distribution of circulars Licensing Ticketing Managing publicity Figure 1.2 Scope and Restrictions The range for this survey is chiefly based on the Tourism Industry in Penang that is quickly turning in this twenty-first century. The importance of this sector to the Malaysia s economic system is to draw more tourers to come and visits Penang through the 3 old ages run of the province authorities by advancing their VisitPenang 2010- 2012 [ 13 ] . Harmonizing to hotel statistics, in 2008 [ 14 ] , Penang received 6.3 million tourer inbounds excepting the sightseer who arrive on sail or live with their household and friends. The figure is higher than old twelvemonth which is 5.1 million. Penang State Government s has a mission to aim 10 million tourers in 2014 which is 4 old ages from now. Penang s most profitable income earner comes from touristry sector after fabrication. Harmonizing to Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia, the figure of local and international tourers reachings in Penang in 2005 is 48 % international tourers whereby for the locals is 52 % which comes up 4, 351,909 toure rs overall. Every twelvemonth, the figure somewhat increased does nt count it is international tourers nor local people. Unfortunately, in 2009 the figure of tourers declined aggressively which is from 6,307,468 in 2008 but unluckily in 2009, the figure has dropped to 1,347,356 overall sums. Penang this is because Penang focuses more on developing medical touristry and eco-tourism in this few old ages [ 13 ] . This survey will look at the statistics rate or the figure of tourers come and visits Penang to celebrates and see the cultural events and festivals therefore nutrient every bit good. There were restriction beginnings to happen for this subject. To happen for informations and information s, research worker utilizing Google Scholar with diaries, articles, Pdftop.com, Kdu Library and on-line book. Some of the diaries and articles need to be purchased or log in as a member in order to read the articles and diaries. A A A 1.8 Significance of the survey Significance of analyzing this subject is to analyse the figure of tourers inbounds in Penang during the cultural events jubilations whether it gives impacts towards Penang s economic system or local environment. Besides that, it is of import for us to cognize what is Penang s mission and mark for the touristry sector. Currently, Penang is being ranked at no.4 in foreign and domestic tourers reachings in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur, Pahang and Sabah. YB Danny Law Heng Kiang, Chairman for the State Tourism Development Culture, Arts, and Heritage says that he truly hopes one twenty-four hours Penang would be No.1 or No.2 in foreign and house servants tourist s reachings in Malaysia. Harmonizing to statistics, the figure of hotel invitees is increasing quickly from 68.8 million in 2008 compared to 61.6 in 2007 particularly during the cultural events and festivals that being celebrated every month. It shows that the graph for touristry sector will increase every twelvemonth [ 15 ] . A Chapter 2 2.1 Literature Review Definition of cultural events Events are something that happens at a given topographic point. An event is one of the top turning touristry industries and besides most electrifying and yet it is connected to leisure. One of the ground why so many states keeps on advancing their events so that they can draw more tourers from every parts of the universe to come and visits their state. Basically, an event is more to carry tourers to come or take part during their events and besides can makes them remain longer in that peculiar country. Harmonizing to Getz, events are one of the of import functions in touristry industry because it can pull more tourers therefore to make full up their free during their visits to that peculiar state ( 1991 ) . Most of the tourers expects for festivals, events or attractive forces in a touristry finish. Events or festivals besides can escalate tourers experience and possibly can do tourers remain longer therefore carry them to widen their vacations in peculiar touristry finishs ( Getz, 1 991 ) . Cultural events fundamentally are for spiritual, public events such as humanistic disciplines, public presentations, trades presentations, and many more ( Richards, 1996 ) .All the little towns are actively has cultural events for net income, or to hike the touristry industry ( Goldblatt, 2002 ) . Most of the tourers are attracted to alone cultural events and somehow they will take part when the event is held. Organizers would do the cultural events livelier to guarantee that the tourers meet their satisfaction during the festivals therefore to do certain that they gets more net income from the tourers. Why is it so because to increase the touristry industry and to advance our state to worldwide. 2.2 Statistics Rate Tourists Come to Penang Statisticss dramas of import function in numbering the figure of tourer s inbounds in Penang 2005 2009. How many tourers have been sing Penang? To cipher and find the existent statistics requires large costs of money to roll up informations, to analyse and to show it to the province authorities. The figure of tourers sing Penang announced by the Tourism Ministry is based on in-migration cards filled with their profiles at the by visitants and have to demo it at the port of entry. Tourists are freely to travel everyplace within the state unless visitants did bad errors. Harmonizing to Penang State Government, Penang has their ain statistics rate figure of international and local tourer s reachings in Penang in 2005 to process 2009. Within these 5 old ages, overall entire figure of tourers either locals or international is about 21, 881,848 people arrived in Penang.In 2005 the local tourers reaching is about 2,267532 people whereby the international tourers about about 2,084,377 people. Furthermore, the overall entire figure of tourers in 2006 is about 4,688,504 people which are in per centums 54 % of local tourers and 46 % of international visitants. Traveling on, the overall entire figure of tourer s reachings in Penang in 2007 has increasing compared to twelvemonth before which is 2006 which is 5,186,611 tourers. Among the 5 old ages between 2005- 2009, the highest sum of tourers reaching is in 2008 which is 6,307,468 visitants in per centums it would be 55 % for the locals and 45 % for the international tourers inbounds in Penang. Finally, in 200 9 the entire figure of tourers inbounds in Penang was aggressively dropped from 6,307,468 tourers in old twelvemonth whereby in 2009 the overall entire figure of tourers is 1,347,356 visitants reachings in Penang ( 2010 ) . As stated by the Tourism Minister, Datuk Seri Ng Yen Yen, tourer s reachings in 2009 has dropped from 6,307,468 to 1,347,356 tourers due to the Influenza a ( H1N1 ) panic. On the other manus, international tourers from Europe and United Kingdom remained the same. She stated that the tourers are safe as wellness governments helps to forestall the spread of the disease towards the tourers. On top of that, Datuk Ng.Yen Yen had a treatment with the managers of 44 Tourism Malaysia sing promotional programs to carry tourers to visits Malaysia because Malaysia is one of the states safe from Influenza H1N1 ( Bernama ) . As mentioned earlier, Malacca overtakes Penang as tourer s finish in 2009. Statisticss shows that tourer s reaching in Penang dropped from 6.3 million in 2008 to 1.3 million in 2009. Compared Penang to Malacca, Penang has a batch and good handiness and merchandises for illustration nutrients, beaches, civilizations, and many more. Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen purely wants the province authorities to make something in order to increase more tourers in 2010. She suggested that Penang has a possible to go one of the state s prima tourers finish because Penang has 191 flights from 12 international air hoses winging in Penang. Besides that, she recommend that province authorities should set more inaugural in engaging well-trained tourers ushers which experts in the field of Penang history and heritage. These tour ushers, service counters, and eating house employees should cognize really good and are able to portion the history and narratives behind heritage edifices. In this manner, we can g ive the visitants particular services and do them fulfill during their visits to Penang ( Y.Y.Ng, Nov, 2010 ) . BILANGAN KETIBAAN PELANCONG ASING DAN TEMPATAN KE PULAU PINANG 2005 Macintosh 2009 NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL TOURIST ARRIVALS, PENANG 2005 March 2009 TAHUN / Year PELANCONG / TOURIST JUMLAH KESELURUHAN Overall Sum TEMPATAN / LOCAL ASING / INTERNATIONAL JUMLAH Sum % JUMLAH Sum % 2005 2,267,532 52 2,084,377 48 4,351,909 2006 2,562,978 54 2,152,256 46 4,688,504 2007 2,787,260 53 2,399,351 47 5,186,611 2008 3,496,293 55 2,811,175 45 6,307,468 2009 763,022 56 584,334 44 1,347,356 Sumber / Source: Kementerian Pelancongan Malaysia / Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia. Figure 1.3 2.3 The Economic and Social cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang Harmonizing to Gawler Visitor Information Centre, cultural events is one of the most exciting festival jubilations that can draw many tourers from every parts of the universe to do grosss in the economic system of touristry industry. On top of that, behind the important of cultural events, it has its economic and besides socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. There are few factors will bespeak the economic and socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. Economic impacts on cultural events in Penang As stated above, there are few factors that show the economic impacts on cultural events in Penang and it can be divided into negative and positive. Negative economic impacts on cultural events in Penang are the gross or loses generated by tourers as to the cost incurred by the province authorities to these events. Harmonizing to Priscilla, Penang touristry sector requires about RM 50 million for touristry in Penang. Based on 2008 statistics, there were 6.3 million tourers reachings in Penang and as what the Chief Minister said that RM 500,000 is non plenty for the touristry to carry on an activities and events particularly which is connected to the substructure, publicities, and besides bettering the installations ( 2010 ) . The RM 50 million are required in order to hold events, festivals, upgrading the quality of beaches and many more as now Penang is the 3rd highest part province in touristry sector. Harmonizing to Ministry of Tourism Malaysia, in 2009, the tourers reachings in P enang has dropped to 1.3 million due to the grippe H1N1 therefore there were loses generated by tourers as to the high sum of cost incurred by the province authorities to these touristry sector ( 2010 ) . The money that they use to upgrading the installations, publicities, events and festivals is non balance with how much money the tourers spend during their visits to Penang therefore it would be a lose for Penang. The positive economic system impacts on cultural impacts in Penang are can increase the touristry economic system and society development in Penang ( Jafari, 2000 ) . Positive impacts on cultural events in Penang would be the occupation chances in Penang. In 2008, hotels in Penang received about 6.3 million tourers which are locals and besides international compared to 2007 about 5.1 million tourers reachings in Penang. The statistics shows that there was somewhat addition of 1.2 million visitant s reachings which would bespeak that there are so many occupation chances o ut at that place for the people who truly need to work ( Administrator III, 2009 ) . This is say that they need more labours to work in such topographic points like hotels, eating houses, tour ushers, and many more. Traveling on, in 2010, Penang Tourism Minister mark 10 million tourers reachings in 2014. Indirectly says that they need more employment to work in this industry ( Administrator III, 2010 ) . Socio Cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang In this portion of literature reappraisal, one of the socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang is diplomatic dealingss. Harmonizing to The Star Online, Penang Government and Russian Embassy are believing to form a Russian cultural event every twelvemonth in order to recollection of the Russian battlewagon ( Zhemchug ) near by Penang seashore during the World War. Vorobyeva Lyudmila Georgievna the new Russian embassador said that their crewmans we ve been buried in Western Cemetery on Jalan Utama in Penang Island and Pulau Jerejak. Besides that, she besides expresses her gratitude to Penang State because the aid to clean and continue those 12 crewmans that have been buried in Western Cemetery. Furthermore, she spoke to Datuk Seri Lim Guan Eng and said that it would be much better to form a Russian cultural event in Penang every twelvemonth. She suggests that the Russian cultural event would hold interesting Russian common people public presentations, classical, Russian musi c, and besides Russian nutrient every bit good. Thus, Malaysia can hold bond relationships Russian and with the Russian cultural event it would assist to promote more Russian tourers to come to Penang in the hereafter ( 2010 ) . Decision In decision, cultural events are one of the pull factors to convey in tourers from every parts of the universe regardless the international or the local tourers. To hold such cultural events or festivals can increase our economic system in touristry sector therefore Penang can be one of the provinces to be recognize internationally with the singularity and astonishing beaches, nice nutrients, great heritage and many more. The being of cultural events can besides advance and bond relationships between the locals and visitants by holding tonss of activities and cognize how to appreciate different civilizations, faith and race. Chapter 3 Research design and methodological analysis 3.1 Overview In Chapter 3, there will be 5 chief points to foreground in this sample proposal. In the first portion of this subject is the general thought on the research design and methodological analysis. Following, it is the amplification about the debut of the research proposal. Basically, it talks about the intent of making this subject and account about the cultural events that s being celebrated by all races in Penang. Traveling on, there will be a research design in this chapter 3 such as look intoing the population and the trying techniques that is traveling to use. After that, it will be account sing the processs of informations aggregation and information analysis which will be divided into 2 subdivisions which is primary informations and secondary informations. And in conclusion, there will be a short account about the questionnaires design. Reff Administrator III ( 2009 ) encouragement in Penang tourers reachings hypertext transfer protocol: //www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/539-boost-in-penang-tourist-arrivals.html Administrator III ( 2010 ) Speech by The Rt Hon Mr Lim Guan Eng, Chief Minister of Penang- Launch of the Penang Investment Tourism Office ( PITO ) , Singapore hypertext transfer protocol: //www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/1187-speech-by-the-rt-hon-mr-lim-guan-eng-chief-minister-of-penang-launch-of-the-penang-investment-tourism-office-pito-singapore.html PRISCILLA DIELENBERG ( 2010 ) CM: Penang needs RM50mil for touristry hypertext transfer protocol: //thestar.com.my/news/story.asp? sec=nation A ; file=/2010/4/18/nation/20100418170830 Ministry of touristry Malaysia ( 2010 ) NUMBER OF TOURIST ARRIVALS FROM TEN LEADING COUNTRIES TRANSITING THROUGH PENANG AIRPORT 2004 2008 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.penang.gov.my/index.php? ch=16 A ; pg=44 A ; lang=eng Jafari, J. ( 2000 ) . APEC international touristry symposium: the scientification of touristry. 65 Korea Tourism Policy, summer, Vol.2, No.3, 56-59. Capital of south korea: Korea touristry Research Institute ( KTRI ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2002/2002kwonh.pdf Tourism facts sheet gawler visitant touristry Centre hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gawler.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/5_Gawler_Impacts_Tourism.PDF The star online ( 2010 ) Annual Russian fest proposed hypertext transfer protocol: //thestar.my/metro/story.asp? file=/2010/11/6/north/7320843 A ; sec=north

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