Characteristics of Organizational Culture

Organization culture is defined as a system of collective values and beliefs held by organizational members (Argüden 34). As such, organization culture determines how organizational members interact with each other. In an organization, culture comprises of an organization’s values, vision, norms, systems, beliefs, and habits.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Characteristics of Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, organization culture comprises of an institution’s collective behaviors and assumptions. When new members join an organization, they are taught how to perceive, think, and feel in every particular situation. Argüden defines organization culture as a habitual and conventional way of thinking and acting (Argüden 42). Every organization has distinct values, secret languages, habits, and myths that have been developed over time. Characteristics of o rganizational culture Several management books have identified numerous characteristics of organization culture (Ashkanasy Celeste 12). Because there are several variables involved, organization culture varies from one organization to the other. According to Cameron and Robert, organization culture can be characterized as values that are passed over to new employees through socialization, influence an individual behavior, and operate at different levels to (Cameron Robert 6). In general, six characteristics of organization culture have been identified. The first characteristic of an organization cultures is that they are collective. Organizational cultures are classified as social entities. This implies that an organization’s leader might exert a cultural influence in a particular organization, but it will necessitate a collective agreement and action for it to be adopted within the organization. Equally, organization culture is attributed to all employees’ behaviors , beliefs, and cultures. Another characteristic of organization culture is that it is emotionally charged. In every organization, employees consider their organizational cultures as comforting refuge blanket that permits them to tackle their insecurities and fears. Usually, employees develop a strong emotional attachment with their organizational cultures. Thorough this, employees have safeguarded their organizational cultures without questioning on their values (Bellingham 32).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third characteristic of organization culture is that it is historically based. In every organization, mutual experiences over a period bind employees together. Employees tend to associate and identify themselves with other employees who have had similar life experiences. This explains how employees build trust and loyalty, the two key aspects of organizational aspects, by constantly sharing similar experiences through predictable patterns of words and actions. Equally, organization culture can be described as inherently symbolic. Outstanding symbolic actions are the foundations of every great organizational culture. In this regard, if executives want to change the image of its organization they must lead through actions by changing their attributes and actions.  Another characteristic of organization culture is that it is dynamic. In an organization, organization culture enhances conformity, predictability, and stability. However, it should be noted that as people try to relate, communicate, and conform to an organizational cultural changes occur. For instance, a new employee who calls an organization’s executive by his or her first name might be astonished later to note that no one calls the organization’s executives by his or her name. It should be noted that organization culture varies from one organization to the othe r. In every organization, cultures and values can be portrayed through the way employees relate among themselves and with the outsiders. For instance, Etisalat Corporation is reputable for being proud of its employees, stakeholders, and its customers. Their sense of pride is evident from the way employees relate among themselves. According to the company’s spokesperson, their organization culture can be described using one word â€Å"Proud.† Through this organizational culture, every employee at Etisalat aims to be the best in everything they do, to priorities their customers, and always dream big to achieve great rewards. Similarly, Etisalat’s organization culture can be described as respectful. In the organization, employees take care of one other as they would like to be treated and respect each other’s opinions. In addition, the organization’s culture can be portrayed as unique, outstanding, and delivering.Advertising We will write a custo m assessment sample on Characteristics of Organizational Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on these attributes, the company has managed to exceed their expectations, come up with innovative opportunities, and ensure that they deliver on their promises. As noted above, Etisalat culture differs from the cultures of other organizations. Through this, the organization has been able to provide a sense of behavior among its employees and customers. The impact of an organization culture and values on leadership Cultural values have an impact on a range of features in an organization. Notably organizational and managerial behaviors are greatly affected by the organization culture portrayed in every organization. For Corporation within several departments, organization culture has intense effects on the organization’s decision approaches and results of these decisions. In every organization, the impacts of organization cult ure are dependent on the cultural structures adopted. According to Handy, organizational cultures are associated with particular structural forms (Frost 123). Based on this argument, culture can be classified into power cultures, role cultures, and task cultures. Power culture refers to a form of culture that depends on a sole source of influence. This form of culture is usually referred to as a spider’s web owing to its concentration of power at the center (Frost 123). The power culture is popular among small business organizations. Usually, the prevailing power and influence are accredited to a single person or a power clique comprising of a small number of individuals. The organization’s leadership emanates from a central entity with rays of authority and influence dispersing from the central entity. Normally, the rays of power are joined by functions. Working in such organizations requires employees to accurately predict what is expected of them from the power hold ers and execute their duties as required. Unlike other forms of cultures, few regulations and bureaucracy depict power culture. Similarly, power cultures are described as political organizations rather than social organizations. Power cultures are political organizations because their choices are influenced by balance of influence more willingly than on logical grounds. In addition, power cultures have been known to possess dramatic reactions. Through this, they can react swiftly to opportunities or threats. Unlike other forms of cultures, power cultures are interested in the results and have little significance on the procedures used in obtaining the results. One major disadvantage, exhibited by these power cultures is that they cannot withstand too much organizational growth. For instance, when power cultures expand by seeking several activities they collapse.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other, hand role culture can be described as a form of culture that seeks to achieve logic and reason through the bureaucratic organizational structure. It is referred to as a role structure for the reason that roles or positions are allocated to the individuals who fill the vacant positions. Through this structure, an organization can sustain its growth from the contribution of several individuals rather than from an individual. In the long term, the organization can recruit more people to fill several emerging roles in the organization. With this form of culture, every role or position has responsibilities and expectations expected from individuals who fill the positions. To make certain that every employee knows their responsibilities and expectations, organizations ensure that their tasks and set of laws are appropriately codified and negotiated. In cases where roles are not clearly defined, individuals are expected to behave as though their roles are legitimately authori zed. Generally, role power is restricted between certain domains. Beyond these domains, the effectiveness of role power ceases to be relevant. For instance, a unit manager for a service company has role power within his or her unit. Outside the unit, the manager has no role power.  Alternatively, task culture has no solitary source of power (Cameron Robert 56). In this form culture, executives allocate their subordinates to projects. These projects are supposed to be completed autonomously by specific employees who are brought together for the project only. Unlike other forms of cultures, this culture is inherently cross-functional. It allows several experts to mingle together in project teams. The effectiveness of this culture depends on the managers’ abilities to identify and bring together right individuals at the right time to work on a specific project. How organizational specific, legal, regulatory and ethical requirements impact on leadership demands Organizational specific, legal, regulatory, and ethical requirements influence an organization in a number of ways. Legal requirements outline what is expected from organization leaders. In some instances, organizational leaders aiming to exploit on cheap labor may find out that their ambitions are restricted by legal requirements. Through regulatory policies, organizational leaders are required to comply with the existing rules. Equally, ethical requirements restrict leaders from exercising leadership styles that are deemed unethical. The relationship between management and leadership There are several relationships between leadership and management. The two comprises of similar roles, as several leadership and management role involve the combination of the two roles (Schein 12). Equally, personality style is an eminent aspect of both. Notably, individuals who possess leadership skills tend to pursue dreams aim at managerial tasks. In general, leadership entails setting up new directions for an o rganization. On the other hand, management entails a process meant to direct and control conventional principles. Evaluate leadership styles The need for effective leadership in our governments and institutions is evident from the current leadership wrangles. In our business organizations, increases in staff turnover cases imply that our institutions are in need of effective leadership styles. According to business experts, leadership styles are not to be experimented on but to be developed to fit the particular work environment. Several business management experts have come up with various leadership styles that can be adopted to end specific challenges facing organizations (Kippenberger 7). Among these leadership styles are dictatorial style, authoritative style, constructive style, and participative style. In dictatorial leadership style, an executive behaves like a dictator. This implies that all the employees are required to act as their executive orders. Similarly, this type o f leadership style allows the executive to make all the organization’s decisions without consulting with the subordinates. When the employees fail to act in accordance with the executive’s orders they are punished accordingly. This kind of leadership style is appropriate during emergencies, when employees’ safety is at risk, and when stern discipline needs to be undertaken to punish rogue employees. Another common leadership style is authoritative leadership. With authoritative leadership style executives considers themselves the most qualified decision makers in an organization. In this regard, subordinates and other junior employees are rarely given chances to participate in matters that pertain to their organization. Through this leadership style, executives can use their subordinates to achieve their own personal interests. This leadership style is most preferred when a company hires new employees who are unfamiliar with their tasks, when there is habitual m isuse of authority, and when company rules are violated. One major disadvantage associated with this leadership style is that it allows executives to undermine the potential capabilities of their subordinate. Through this, an organization can fail to tap its employees’ full potential. Unlike the above leadership styles, consultative leadership style enables the executives to engage their employees in the management of their organizations. Through this leadership style, all employees are assured that they will contribute in organizations’ problem solving and team building activities. Similarly, unlike the other two leadership styles this style of leadership allows employees to foster their self-confidence as their effort is appreciated at all levels. Equally, through this approach employees full potential can be exploited fully enhancing the organization’s innovation. In general, this leadership style focuses on maximizing on individuals’ experiences, skil ls, and knowledge. It should be noted that executives have the final decision making power. This implies that executives are first consulted before the subordinates initiate any major decisions. In the same way, executives cannot implement any major changes before taking the input from those who will be affected by the changes. This mode of leadership style is appropriate when an organization needs an innovative solution, is conducting planning meetings for its departments, training employees for leadership roles, and when performing day-to-day organizational activities. Another major leadership style is participative leadership. In this form of leadership, individuals’ efforts in an organization are considered regardless of their job levels. Just like the consultative leadership style, participative leadership styles enable an organization to maximize on their employees’ experiences, skills, and knowledge. Through this leadership, an organization can enhance its emplo yees’ creativity creating a culture of innovation. Why leadership style needs to be adapted in different situations In the contemporary society, competition exists in every sector. As such, business organizations are not exceptional. Organizations are continuously struggling to come up with better goods and services than their competitors. To achieve this, an organization needs a leader with unique leadership styles (Hiebert Bruce 43). An efficient leader should possess leadership traits that adapt to every situation challenging the operation of an organization. Unlike in the past, current business environments are ever changing. This implies that leadership styles should be adapted to suit the dynamic work environment. Another reason why leadership styles should be adapted to every situation is that there exist different business structures in the contemporary society. For instance, a young company will change its leadership styles more often in the future as the company ex pands (Hiebert Bruce 46). Similarly, as the layers of decision making in the company become complex as the company expands the company’s executives might be required to amend on their leadership styles to match with the organizational changes. Works Cited Argüden, R. YÄ ±lmaz. Keys to governance strategic leadership for quality of life. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print. Ashkanasy, Neal M., and Celeste Wilderom. Handbook of organizational culture climate . Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2000. Print. Bellingham, Richard. The manager’s pocket guide to corporate culture change. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press, 2001. Print. Cameron, Kim S., and Robert E. Quinn. Diagnosing and changing organizational culture : based on the competing values framework. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 2009. Print. Frost, Peter J.. Reframing organizational culture. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2001. Print. Hiebert, Murray, and Bruce Klatt. The encyclopedia of leadership: a practical guide to popular leadership theories and techniques . New York: McGraw Hill, 2001. Print. Kippenberger, Tony. Leadership styles. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub., 2002. Print. Schein, Edgar H.. Organization culture and leadership. 5nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002. Print. This assessment on Characteristics of Organizational Culture was written and submitted by user Giovani I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Tourism Essay Essays

Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Tourism Essay Essays Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Tourism Essay Essay Problem Background Of Pulau Pinang Tourism Essay Essay Pulau Pinang or Penang is one of the unique and attractive topographic points in Malaysia with its many civilizations which make Penang one of tourer s favourite topographic points and tourers attractive forces. Basically, Penang is celebrated for their nutrient, faiths, civilizations and touristry site. Harmonizing to the UNESCO Worlds Heritage Site of Georgetown says that there are many faiths, civilizations and nutrients in Penang, therefore they can intermix it good together to do Penang one of the well known provinces in Malaysia [ 1 ] . There is press statement by YB Danny Law Heng Kiang the Penang State Exco for Tourism Development and Culture said that Penang is ranked in the 3rd topographic point under Kuala Lumpur, and Genting Highland ( Pahang ) for their touristry finish in Malaysia [ 1 ] . At first, Malacca is on top of Penang as touristry finish because they receive about 8.9 million tourer reaching in the twelvemonth 2009. Unfortunately, that statement by Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen may be a error because as we can see from the tabular array 2, Penang has more tourers reaching comparison to Malacca [ 1 ] . Harmonizing Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, Penang is an island with an country of 108 sq mi/280 sq kilometer and it is known as one of the busiest ports in the yesteryear and it is located in the passs of Malacca, on the North-West Coast of Malaysia. Penang is really celebrated for their beautiful beaches and islands, nutrients, cultural, faiths and many more [ 2 ] . During 16th century, Lusitanian merchandisers Penang was travel from Goa ( India ) to Far East hunt for spices, fresh H2O so they stopped in Penang. In 1786, Penang was really popular among the plagiarists because they steal ships that cross along Straits of Malacca. At one point, Penang became popular in eighteenth century and at the same clip, Captain Francis Light enter to Penang and get down to hold good relationship with the locals and besides the Sultan of Kedah in 1771. Unfortunately, at that minute itself Sultan of Kedah handed Penang to Captain Francis Light in order to acquire protection against the menaces of Burmese and Siamese. After that, they called Penang as Prince of Wales Island and after the colony ; Sultan Abdullah found out that he is being cheated by the British by non willing to offer protection therefore he gathered his ground forces to recapture Penang. Lastly, after extended old ages of fighting between the locals and the British, Malaysia achieves indepen dency in 31st August 1957 and Penang is one of the 13 provinces. Penang now is known as Pulau Pinang [ 3 ] . Listen Read phonetically What is the Culture in Penang? The civilizations in Penang are really alone and most of the tourers interested to cognize more about Penang s civilization. In 2008, the population is Penang about 2 million on the island and 1 million is in Seberai Prai which consists of 42 % Chinese, 41 % Malay, 10 % for Indian and besides 5 % for the Peranakan or Baba Nyonya. Baba Nyonya s civilization in Penang is different from Malacca. Baba Nyonya s in Malacca can talk fluid Malay whereby in Penang, the Baba Nyonya s speaks mixture of Hokkien, Malay and English and most of the Baba Nyonya s in Penang still pattern their Chinese faith and hereditary worshipping [ 4 ] . Basically, linguistic communication that being spoken in Penang is Malay linguistic communication whereby English and the Chinese ( Hokkien ) besides being spoken widely in Penang. And in conclusion the Tamil linguistic communication is being spoken by the Tamils among their community. Next is the faith in Penang which most of the people believes such as Buddhist, Islam, Hindu, Christian, and many more. Basically, Buddhism is one of the chief faiths in Penang whereby Islam still the official faith of the province. As you can see that Penang s civilization is a mixture of Malay, Chinese Indian and it is really interesting for tourer s attractive forces [ 4 ] . Furthermore, Penang is celebrated for their nutrient and this is one of the Penang s civilizations. The nutrient in Penang can easy acquire about everyplace and anytime in Penang. Harmonizing the clip magazine in 2004, Penang has been the best street nutrient in Asia. Penang is the lone topographic point to happen such a fantastic, tasty and nice nutrient and besides it is so inexpensive compared to Kuala Lumpur and sometimes people called Penang is the nutrient Eden to eat. The nutrient in Penang is an mixture of Chinese, Nyonya, Malay, India, Thai culinary art. There in Penang besides celebrated for the peddlers nutrient which they sell and served by the route side [ 4 ] . Besides that, one of the ground why Penang famous is because they have assorted of events and festivals that they celebrates such as Penang International Dragon Boat Festival, Chin-gay, Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Thaipusam, Chinese New Year, Hungry Ghost Festival and many more. These festivals would pull many tourers from all over the universe to come and see throughout the festivals. Furthermore, it would be nice if tourers from Malaysia or outside Malaysia to give support and celebrates together in these interesting events. The international firedrake boat festival normally held around June and July during the school vacations. Chingay is one of the celebrated cultural events in penang because it is being celebrated because of the birthday of Kuan Yin or the Goodness of Mercy. Normally, this event is being celebrated every twelvemonth and attracts tourers as far from United States, Japan, South Africa and besides Netherlands. Chingay festival is a parade which squads of people will demo their accomplishments at equilibrating 40 foot bamboo range poles on their organic structure such as caputs, shoulder, custodies, and articulatio genuss. And in conclusion, Pesta Pulau Pinang is one of the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. Pesta Pulau Pinang is a carnival that being celebrated in December and it ever be lively, go oning and colourful carnival every twelvemonth. There would hold a tonss of activity includes unfastened air concerts, assortment shows, nutrient bazars, merriment carnivals, pet shows, exhibitions, games and many more [ 5 ] . What is an event? Basically events is about to hold a peculiar map or to inform our guest that when some exciting things is traveling to go on and traveling to observe. For illustration, book launches nuptialss, concerts, carnivals and many more. It is more like a readyings for that peculiar maps to do it runs swimmingly and attractively. It starts from the PA systems, music, VIP suites, nutrients, ruddy rug, invitees and many more [ 6 ] . Cultural events that being celebrated by in Penang Penang is celebrated for their civilizations, ethnicities, nutrients and festivals. Penang s has so many events and festivals that being celebrated throughout the twelvemonth. Hence, the full tourer from every parts of the universe celebrates together with colourful occurrences events in Penang. There are few festivals that being celebrated by all races in Penang such As Chinese New Year, International Dragon Boat Festival, Penang Beach Carnival, Penang Cultural Festival, Malaysia Festival and Pesta Pulau Festivals. The intent all these festivals are held because is to garner everyone and celebrates the harmonious and alone multi civilization in Penang. Many activities are held on the festival s illustration manner parades, inter-hotel competition, public presentation, sell handcrafts, and many more [ 7 ] . 1.2 The Problem Statement The intent of me taking this subject is because as we can see Penang is developing to one of the taking touristry provinces. Cultural and events touristry is a merchandise which is hard to be tested foremost earlier usage, so by holding the cultural events in Penang can besides gives Penang acknowledgment as a universe heritage site and will be portraying the cultural diverseness of Penang. On top of that, by holding cultural events and festivals in Penang can analyse the figure of tourers inbounds to Penang. Besides that, tourers can come over and seek to see and distribute the intelligence to everyone out at that place about the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. There are few popular cultural events that being celebrated such as Thaipusam, Chap Goh Meh, St. Anne s festival, hungry shade festival and many more. Basically, Penang is celebrated for their cultural diverseness where they preserve their ain traditions and executing humanistic disciplines. On t op of that, Penang has ain tradition of street civilization, jubilations, festivals, and cultural groups and it will be the most unforgettable minutes for the tourers who come and experience the festivals. Last, the Visit Calendar 2010 has their programs to do Penang as the active touristry sector. Research Objectives/ Aims The aim of this proposal is: To analyse the figure of tourers inbounds to Penang during the cultural events jubilation. To unify all people together to observe cultural events in Penang to back up the motto Satu Malaysia . To look into the figure of tourers that visit Penang harmonizing their nationalities. To find the most favourable cultural events to the least popular and why? To analyze the gross or loses generated by tourers as to the cost incurred by the province authorities to these events. By roll uping these consequences, we can find whether to prolong, continue or to advance cultural events or festivals for the coming old ages. Research Questions What are the figure of tourers inbound to Penang in the 2009? Should Ministry of Tourism Malaysia promote more cultural events jubilations in order to give Penang acknowledgment as a universe heritage site? Should we continue, promote and prolong our cultural events in Penang in order to draw more tourers from all over the universe? What the pull factors are for tourers to visits Penang every twelvemonth? Hypothesis Statement Hypothesis statement for this subject would be that Penang s civilization has a alone property that brings people together by holding cultural events and festivals throughout the twelvemonth. To tout those cultural events and festivals requires fiscal capital, rational capital, cultural capital and besides societal capital to run the events [ 8 ] . The being of cultural events makes people understand other people s civilization better so that they can understand one and another every bit good as back uping our Malaya s slogan which is Satu Malaysia . Harmonizing to Datuk Lim Guan Eng, the Chief Minister of Penang says that they have to give 100 % committedness to protect, continue, sustain and advance the cultural events in Penang so that it can convey the people together and unify the civilization and observe it jointly. These would reflect the multiracial people and good continue civilization and heritage which is being listed in UNESCO World Cultural and Heritage Site recently [ 9 ] . In the past 6 old ages, there were 12 states affected by Tsunami catastrophe on 26th September 2004 and one of the states is Malaysia. There were two provinces in Malaysia was affected by Tsunami which is Penang and Kedah. Both these countries lost everything during the tsunami catastrophes. At that clip, most of the people or tourers are in fright for going to other states. Most of the fisherman s small town in Kedah is destroyed by the tsunami. On top of that, Penang s touristry somewhat decline due to this unwanted catastrophe. The Government, Corporate, NGO s, and besides persons contribute 1000000s of dollars to assist the victim s adjustment, medical and many more [ 9 ] . Furthermore, there was a alteration in political relations, economic system and society due to the tsunami catastrophe. Penang s economic system somewhat decline because lacking of tourers from outside and inside the state. Tourists afraid to come and visits Penang therefore non much activity or jubilations ca n we held during that peculiar period of timer [ 9 ] . As we know that the mass media plays of import functions in advancing any advertizement does nt count in the web site or in the day-to-day newspaper. By advancing and publicize something in the web site or newspaper, wireless, telecasting and so forth may increase the figure of tourers who come to Penang. This is one of the schemes to draw tourers to come to Penang after the Tsunami s calamity. There are some advertizements that may force tourers out of their province or state to come to Penang by holding Cheap Air Flight to Penang inclusive Hotel Rooms. For illustration, in figure 1.0 and figure 1.1 show that Air Asia offer or promotes inexpensive flight tickets inclusive a room for the tourers every bit below as Rm1.00 [ 10 ] . Tourists can take to wing either Penang, Kuching, Kuala Lumpur, and Johor Bahru. The travelling period for the tourers is at any clip in July 1st 2011 to November tenth 2011. This is because we want more tourers to come to Penang for holiday and besides at t he same clip we can advance different cultural events and festivals that are being observing every month [ 10 ] . Furthermore, Penang State Tourism is advancing their province as by the run goes Visit Penang 2010-1012 . So there are many sorts of activities and events is held for illustration Esplanade in Action- an Evening of Cultural Performance, Penang Sakura Blossom, Chinese New Year cruise-Lili Marleen and many more. Besides that, the nutrient is one of the attractive forces besides cultural events in Penang for illustration, Thai Food Fiesta 2010, Penang Durian and Fruits Festivals, Pesta Pulau Pinang and many more. Harmonizing to Natalie Lee, one of the pupils from University New South Wales stated that Facebook is one of the top turning societal networking in the universe nowadays which has more than 140 million users in the whole universe. It allows us to happen and pass on with our friends and portion exposures, advancing touristry sites and many more. Penang promotes their touristry sites through Facebook, websites, web logs and many more to draw tourers from every parts of the universe. They can portion exposures, promote hotel suites, flight tickets to Penang, and update latest events in penang and advance it to all their household members, friends and many more. It is one of the best ways to advance Penang to foreigners [ 11 ] . . Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework Theoretical model As what I have showed the conceptual model below shows that the research is focus more on the cultural events that being celebrated by all races in Penang. It will be scoped into structural support and cultural infrastructure/ infinites for the cultural events. Following under structural support diagram it will be divided into few points such as managing publicities, fining, licensing, printing and distribution of circulars. Besides that, for the cultural substructure / infinites will be divided into two chief points which is cultural hub and besides communities. At the top portion of the model shows that some of the events and festivals that is being celebrated by all races in Penang. Cultural festivals that being celebrated in Penang is Pesta Pulau Pinang, Hungry Ghost Festival, Chingay, Bon Odori and many more. The intent of observing these festivals is because to prolong and advance the cultural events in Penang therefore promote it to tourers from every parts of the universe. For the 2nd stage of the model, is the cultural substructure and infinites which can be divided into two parts which is cultural hub and communities. Harmonizing to S.B.Tan, Professor School Of Art, University Sains Malaysia says that the cultural hub, is fundamentally where the public presentations or festivals is traveling to carried out, for illustration museums, eating houses, and many more. Whereby, for the communities are fundamentally about where the festivals or events should should be placed in countries where most of the people live, for illustration metropolis in Georgetown or Balik Pulau. It would be much easier for the people in Penang to go to those peculiar topographic points to observe the events [ 12 ] . Traveling on, on the 3rd stage is the structural support for illustration handling publicity, fining, licensing, distribution circulars and printing. Conceptual model Cultural Events Tourism For Penang Events and festivals Pesta Pulau Pinang Bon Odori Chingay Hungry Ghost Festival Cultural infrastructure/ infinites Communities It should be placed in countries where the people lives Eg: metropolis of Georgetown or Balik Pulau. Cultural Hub where the performances/ festivals, events is traveling to carried out eg: museums, eating houses, and many more Structural support Printing and distribution of circulars Licensing Ticketing Managing publicity Figure 1.2 Scope and Restrictions The range for this survey is chiefly based on the Tourism Industry in Penang that is quickly turning in this twenty-first century. The importance of this sector to the Malaysia s economic system is to draw more tourers to come and visits Penang through the 3 old ages run of the province authorities by advancing their VisitPenang 2010- 2012 [ 13 ] . Harmonizing to hotel statistics, in 2008 [ 14 ] , Penang received 6.3 million tourer inbounds excepting the sightseer who arrive on sail or live with their household and friends. The figure is higher than old twelvemonth which is 5.1 million. Penang State Government s has a mission to aim 10 million tourers in 2014 which is 4 old ages from now. Penang s most profitable income earner comes from touristry sector after fabrication. Harmonizing to Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia, the figure of local and international tourers reachings in Penang in 2005 is 48 % international tourers whereby for the locals is 52 % which comes up 4, 351,909 toure rs overall. Every twelvemonth, the figure somewhat increased does nt count it is international tourers nor local people. Unfortunately, in 2009 the figure of tourers declined aggressively which is from 6,307,468 in 2008 but unluckily in 2009, the figure has dropped to 1,347,356 overall sums. Penang this is because Penang focuses more on developing medical touristry and eco-tourism in this few old ages [ 13 ] . This survey will look at the statistics rate or the figure of tourers come and visits Penang to celebrates and see the cultural events and festivals therefore nutrient every bit good. There were restriction beginnings to happen for this subject. To happen for informations and information s, research worker utilizing Google Scholar with diaries, articles, Pdftop.com, Kdu Library and on-line book. Some of the diaries and articles need to be purchased or log in as a member in order to read the articles and diaries. A A A 1.8 Significance of the survey Significance of analyzing this subject is to analyse the figure of tourers inbounds in Penang during the cultural events jubilations whether it gives impacts towards Penang s economic system or local environment. Besides that, it is of import for us to cognize what is Penang s mission and mark for the touristry sector. Currently, Penang is being ranked at no.4 in foreign and domestic tourers reachings in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur, Pahang and Sabah. YB Danny Law Heng Kiang, Chairman for the State Tourism Development Culture, Arts, and Heritage says that he truly hopes one twenty-four hours Penang would be No.1 or No.2 in foreign and house servants tourist s reachings in Malaysia. Harmonizing to statistics, the figure of hotel invitees is increasing quickly from 68.8 million in 2008 compared to 61.6 in 2007 particularly during the cultural events and festivals that being celebrated every month. It shows that the graph for touristry sector will increase every twelvemonth [ 15 ] . A Chapter 2 2.1 Literature Review Definition of cultural events Events are something that happens at a given topographic point. An event is one of the top turning touristry industries and besides most electrifying and yet it is connected to leisure. One of the ground why so many states keeps on advancing their events so that they can draw more tourers from every parts of the universe to come and visits their state. Basically, an event is more to carry tourers to come or take part during their events and besides can makes them remain longer in that peculiar country. Harmonizing to Getz, events are one of the of import functions in touristry industry because it can pull more tourers therefore to make full up their free during their visits to that peculiar state ( 1991 ) . Most of the tourers expects for festivals, events or attractive forces in a touristry finish. Events or festivals besides can escalate tourers experience and possibly can do tourers remain longer therefore carry them to widen their vacations in peculiar touristry finishs ( Getz, 1 991 ) . Cultural events fundamentally are for spiritual, public events such as humanistic disciplines, public presentations, trades presentations, and many more ( Richards, 1996 ) .All the little towns are actively has cultural events for net income, or to hike the touristry industry ( Goldblatt, 2002 ) . Most of the tourers are attracted to alone cultural events and somehow they will take part when the event is held. Organizers would do the cultural events livelier to guarantee that the tourers meet their satisfaction during the festivals therefore to do certain that they gets more net income from the tourers. Why is it so because to increase the touristry industry and to advance our state to worldwide. 2.2 Statistics Rate Tourists Come to Penang Statisticss dramas of import function in numbering the figure of tourer s inbounds in Penang 2005 2009. How many tourers have been sing Penang? To cipher and find the existent statistics requires large costs of money to roll up informations, to analyse and to show it to the province authorities. The figure of tourers sing Penang announced by the Tourism Ministry is based on in-migration cards filled with their profiles at the by visitants and have to demo it at the port of entry. Tourists are freely to travel everyplace within the state unless visitants did bad errors. Harmonizing to Penang State Government, Penang has their ain statistics rate figure of international and local tourer s reachings in Penang in 2005 to process 2009. Within these 5 old ages, overall entire figure of tourers either locals or international is about 21, 881,848 people arrived in Penang.In 2005 the local tourers reaching is about 2,267532 people whereby the international tourers about about 2,084,377 people. Furthermore, the overall entire figure of tourers in 2006 is about 4,688,504 people which are in per centums 54 % of local tourers and 46 % of international visitants. Traveling on, the overall entire figure of tourer s reachings in Penang in 2007 has increasing compared to twelvemonth before which is 2006 which is 5,186,611 tourers. Among the 5 old ages between 2005- 2009, the highest sum of tourers reaching is in 2008 which is 6,307,468 visitants in per centums it would be 55 % for the locals and 45 % for the international tourers inbounds in Penang. Finally, in 200 9 the entire figure of tourers inbounds in Penang was aggressively dropped from 6,307,468 tourers in old twelvemonth whereby in 2009 the overall entire figure of tourers is 1,347,356 visitants reachings in Penang ( 2010 ) . As stated by the Tourism Minister, Datuk Seri Ng Yen Yen, tourer s reachings in 2009 has dropped from 6,307,468 to 1,347,356 tourers due to the Influenza a ( H1N1 ) panic. On the other manus, international tourers from Europe and United Kingdom remained the same. She stated that the tourers are safe as wellness governments helps to forestall the spread of the disease towards the tourers. On top of that, Datuk Ng.Yen Yen had a treatment with the managers of 44 Tourism Malaysia sing promotional programs to carry tourers to visits Malaysia because Malaysia is one of the states safe from Influenza H1N1 ( Bernama ) . As mentioned earlier, Malacca overtakes Penang as tourer s finish in 2009. Statisticss shows that tourer s reaching in Penang dropped from 6.3 million in 2008 to 1.3 million in 2009. Compared Penang to Malacca, Penang has a batch and good handiness and merchandises for illustration nutrients, beaches, civilizations, and many more. Datuk Seri Dr. Ng Yen Yen purely wants the province authorities to make something in order to increase more tourers in 2010. She suggested that Penang has a possible to go one of the state s prima tourers finish because Penang has 191 flights from 12 international air hoses winging in Penang. Besides that, she recommend that province authorities should set more inaugural in engaging well-trained tourers ushers which experts in the field of Penang history and heritage. These tour ushers, service counters, and eating house employees should cognize really good and are able to portion the history and narratives behind heritage edifices. In this manner, we can g ive the visitants particular services and do them fulfill during their visits to Penang ( Y.Y.Ng, Nov, 2010 ) . BILANGAN KETIBAAN PELANCONG ASING DAN TEMPATAN KE PULAU PINANG 2005 Macintosh 2009 NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL AND LOCAL TOURIST ARRIVALS, PENANG 2005 March 2009 TAHUN / Year PELANCONG / TOURIST JUMLAH KESELURUHAN Overall Sum TEMPATAN / LOCAL ASING / INTERNATIONAL JUMLAH Sum % JUMLAH Sum % 2005 2,267,532 52 2,084,377 48 4,351,909 2006 2,562,978 54 2,152,256 46 4,688,504 2007 2,787,260 53 2,399,351 47 5,186,611 2008 3,496,293 55 2,811,175 45 6,307,468 2009 763,022 56 584,334 44 1,347,356 Sumber / Source: Kementerian Pelancongan Malaysia / Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia. Figure 1.3 2.3 The Economic and Social cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang Harmonizing to Gawler Visitor Information Centre, cultural events is one of the most exciting festival jubilations that can draw many tourers from every parts of the universe to do grosss in the economic system of touristry industry. On top of that, behind the important of cultural events, it has its economic and besides socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. There are few factors will bespeak the economic and socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang. Economic impacts on cultural events in Penang As stated above, there are few factors that show the economic impacts on cultural events in Penang and it can be divided into negative and positive. Negative economic impacts on cultural events in Penang are the gross or loses generated by tourers as to the cost incurred by the province authorities to these events. Harmonizing to Priscilla, Penang touristry sector requires about RM 50 million for touristry in Penang. Based on 2008 statistics, there were 6.3 million tourers reachings in Penang and as what the Chief Minister said that RM 500,000 is non plenty for the touristry to carry on an activities and events particularly which is connected to the substructure, publicities, and besides bettering the installations ( 2010 ) . The RM 50 million are required in order to hold events, festivals, upgrading the quality of beaches and many more as now Penang is the 3rd highest part province in touristry sector. Harmonizing to Ministry of Tourism Malaysia, in 2009, the tourers reachings in P enang has dropped to 1.3 million due to the grippe H1N1 therefore there were loses generated by tourers as to the high sum of cost incurred by the province authorities to these touristry sector ( 2010 ) . The money that they use to upgrading the installations, publicities, events and festivals is non balance with how much money the tourers spend during their visits to Penang therefore it would be a lose for Penang. The positive economic system impacts on cultural impacts in Penang are can increase the touristry economic system and society development in Penang ( Jafari, 2000 ) . Positive impacts on cultural events in Penang would be the occupation chances in Penang. In 2008, hotels in Penang received about 6.3 million tourers which are locals and besides international compared to 2007 about 5.1 million tourers reachings in Penang. The statistics shows that there was somewhat addition of 1.2 million visitant s reachings which would bespeak that there are so many occupation chances o ut at that place for the people who truly need to work ( Administrator III, 2009 ) . This is say that they need more labours to work in such topographic points like hotels, eating houses, tour ushers, and many more. Traveling on, in 2010, Penang Tourism Minister mark 10 million tourers reachings in 2014. Indirectly says that they need more employment to work in this industry ( Administrator III, 2010 ) . Socio Cultural Impacts on Cultural Events in Penang In this portion of literature reappraisal, one of the socio cultural impacts on cultural events in Penang is diplomatic dealingss. Harmonizing to The Star Online, Penang Government and Russian Embassy are believing to form a Russian cultural event every twelvemonth in order to recollection of the Russian battlewagon ( Zhemchug ) near by Penang seashore during the World War. Vorobyeva Lyudmila Georgievna the new Russian embassador said that their crewmans we ve been buried in Western Cemetery on Jalan Utama in Penang Island and Pulau Jerejak. Besides that, she besides expresses her gratitude to Penang State because the aid to clean and continue those 12 crewmans that have been buried in Western Cemetery. Furthermore, she spoke to Datuk Seri Lim Guan Eng and said that it would be much better to form a Russian cultural event in Penang every twelvemonth. She suggests that the Russian cultural event would hold interesting Russian common people public presentations, classical, Russian musi c, and besides Russian nutrient every bit good. Thus, Malaysia can hold bond relationships Russian and with the Russian cultural event it would assist to promote more Russian tourers to come to Penang in the hereafter ( 2010 ) . Decision In decision, cultural events are one of the pull factors to convey in tourers from every parts of the universe regardless the international or the local tourers. To hold such cultural events or festivals can increase our economic system in touristry sector therefore Penang can be one of the provinces to be recognize internationally with the singularity and astonishing beaches, nice nutrients, great heritage and many more. The being of cultural events can besides advance and bond relationships between the locals and visitants by holding tonss of activities and cognize how to appreciate different civilizations, faith and race. Chapter 3 Research design and methodological analysis 3.1 Overview In Chapter 3, there will be 5 chief points to foreground in this sample proposal. In the first portion of this subject is the general thought on the research design and methodological analysis. Following, it is the amplification about the debut of the research proposal. Basically, it talks about the intent of making this subject and account about the cultural events that s being celebrated by all races in Penang. Traveling on, there will be a research design in this chapter 3 such as look intoing the population and the trying techniques that is traveling to use. After that, it will be account sing the processs of informations aggregation and information analysis which will be divided into 2 subdivisions which is primary informations and secondary informations. And in conclusion, there will be a short account about the questionnaires design. Reff Administrator III ( 2009 ) encouragement in Penang tourers reachings hypertext transfer protocol: //www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/539-boost-in-penang-tourist-arrivals.html Administrator III ( 2010 ) Speech by The Rt Hon Mr Lim Guan Eng, Chief Minister of Penang- Launch of the Penang Investment Tourism Office ( PITO ) , Singapore hypertext transfer protocol: //www.visitpenang.gov.my/portal3/penang-tourism-news/1187-speech-by-the-rt-hon-mr-lim-guan-eng-chief-minister-of-penang-launch-of-the-penang-investment-tourism-office-pito-singapore.html PRISCILLA DIELENBERG ( 2010 ) CM: Penang needs RM50mil for touristry hypertext transfer protocol: //thestar.com.my/news/story.asp? sec=nation A ; file=/2010/4/18/nation/20100418170830 Ministry of touristry Malaysia ( 2010 ) NUMBER OF TOURIST ARRIVALS FROM TEN LEADING COUNTRIES TRANSITING THROUGH PENANG AIRPORT 2004 2008 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.penang.gov.my/index.php? ch=16 A ; pg=44 A ; lang=eng Jafari, J. ( 2000 ) . APEC international touristry symposium: the scientification of touristry. 65 Korea Tourism Policy, summer, Vol.2, No.3, 56-59. Capital of south korea: Korea touristry Research Institute ( KTRI ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2002/2002kwonh.pdf Tourism facts sheet gawler visitant touristry Centre hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gawler.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/5_Gawler_Impacts_Tourism.PDF The star online ( 2010 ) Annual Russian fest proposed hypertext transfer protocol: //thestar.my/metro/story.asp? file=/2010/11/6/north/7320843 A ; sec=north

Pick an international event (from any time period) and apply either Research Paper

Pick an international event (from any time period) and apply either the systemic or domestic level of analysis to that event. In - Research Paper Example The paper aims at providing an intensive review of the historical validity and impacts of the WWI on United States history. Discussion The First World War occurred between 1914 and 1919 and was an intensively bloody war with massive life losses and minimal ground lost. Mainly fighters in trenches fought the war, and it led to approximated ten million or more militants dead and approximately 21 million more wounded. While various nations hoped that the war would be crucial to put a stop to all other wars, in the real sense, the culminating peace agreement set the pace for the Second World War (Dutton 98). The First World War destroyed various empires and weakened others. For instance, the Russian Revolution of 1917 following the regime of Czarist collapse, which ended in the seizure of the authority by Bolsheviks. With the overthrow of the military group in 1918, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman kingdoms declined, whereas Germany substituted the administration of Kaiser with the natio n of Weimar. New nation states including Poland, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia emerged from formers empires (Protess, Callaway and Vernon 234). Consequently, victory for the allies of the Europe nations came at an increased price. They owed more than $12 billion to the U.S, which was endorsed from a former net defaulter to a higher status (net creditor). In addition, New York City substituted London as the international economic headquarter. Additionally, the European allies experienced high demands for self-rule mainly from their colonies. Similarly, European allies lost control over sufficient economic and military resources to shape global affairs as before. Near the culmination of the WW1, Japan and USA joined the leading nations at the 1919 Unity charter, in Paris, together with other nations such as France, UK and Italy, with the president of the USA, Woodrow Wilson taking a central role. The president formed the League of Nations a fundamental part of the Versailles Treaty wi th Germany (Gracia 104). The U.S and the allies, failed to acknowledge the government of Bolsheviks in Russia, and consequently, exempted the Soviet Union from Paris. In addition, Wilson strived for maintenance of unity and cooperation that would preserve industrialist and democratic countries. Reinforcing the principle of self-determination at national level, Wilson summoned the post war (aftermath) league of nations to offer a collective security to all its members. Further, he expected the national league, under the leadership of Americans, to protect the political independence and territorial integrity of its members, against external hostility, and, therefore, preserve the peace (Keene 248). Americans reacted against Woodrow Wilson’s firm wartime leadership, for instance, the elections in 1918 reduced Democrats to the inferior (minority) in congress. Moreover, after the crisis, with the removal of policies and rules by wartime organizations, the U.S suffered intensive ec onomic upturn, inflation, and labor go-slows. The Expeditionary Forces of America returned from France and rapidly demoralized. In addition, the Congress, with the 1920 National Defense Act, reduced the American army to almost its pre-war level. Rapid disbursement and restructuring led to social strife in the U.S in early 1918 and 1921. Irrespective of the wartime loyalty, numerous Americans such as black American were mainly the critical victims of

Venezuela Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Venezuela - Term Paper Example The history of Venezuela can be traced back to the fifteenth century when Christopher Columbus discovered the land in 1498 during his journey to the New World. Before Columbus however, other people also lived on the soil of Venezuela who were mostly involved in farming and hunting. The name Venezuela is derived from the word ‘Little Venice’ which came into existence after the arrival of Columbus in the region. Alonso de Ojeda visited the soil and named the land as Venezuela. In the 16th century Spain provided a charter to the Germans so that they could open a banking firm over the land. The charter however was later revoked and the Spaniards took over the region. Venezuela was a part of New Granada until the nineteenth century when it finally took independence from Spain in 1821 under Simon Bolivar (Boehm 1987; Unesco 1999). The government run in the republic of Venezuela is a federal form of government. Its constitution was formed in December 1999. In 1830 Venezuela separated from Colombia, Panama and Ecuador to become a sovereign state. The political rule in Venezuela has been very unstable since its independence. Dictatorial rule and revolutions have been witnessed in Venezuela in the 20th century. From 1908 to 1935 and from 1950-1958 there have been rules of dictators. However after 1958 the politics of the state has been run by civilians as after 1958 the military backed off from interfering in national politics. It was after the World War One that the Venezuelan government has focused more on its petroleum based economy which has helped in stabilizing the country’s economy.... It was after the corruption charges on President Perez that the situation of Venezuela started to become better. In December 1998 Hugo Chavez won the votes in the assembly to become the president of Venezuela. The nation has since then developed into a powerful ally of many countries and the political turmoil has come to a standstill in the country (U.S Department of State 2011). Current Situation Hugo Chavez is the President of Venezuela these days after he won his elections in 2006 by defeating Zulia Governor Manuel Rosales. He has since then implemented new laws such as Socialism in Venezuela. He has passed other laws related to airports, industries and roads ever since. The government of Venezuela has to face several problems in the recent years under Chavez’s government. The problem of energy can be cited as one of the problems that Venezuela is facing. Energy blackouts are one of the problems that Venezuela has been facing in the recent years and this has dampened their hopes of expanding their economy. Energy shortages can lead to the increase in the economic problems that the country is currently facing. Chavez has also provided the state with a declaration about the energy crisis and has implemented laws to fight off the energy problems (Starboek News 2010; U.S Department of State 2011). The government type currently followed in Venezuela is a federal type of government. The states of Venezuela maintain some sort of power in their authority and the voters are given the democracy to vote for their governmental representatives. The economy of Venezuela is run through the businesses revolving around the petroleum products. The major industry of Venezuela is oil which is being exported

Executive Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Executive Summary - Assignment Example Studies have shown that women prisoners are more infected by HIV and drug abuse as compare to male prisoners (Dolan et al, 2007). They have been found more exposed to gender based sexual assaults; such female prisoners may found suffering from personality and behaviour disorders, drug use, and unsafe practices such as tattooing with many other disorders that may threat the security of other people around them. Target Audience of the Project: The project is designed to target the female prisoners as this group has been found more prone to gender-based violence and do not receive any or special treatments in prison. To provide quality healthcare services to female prisoners suffering from HIV has become as a challenge for the correctional authorities (Plugge, 2006). Female prisoners constitute a small fraction of population imprisoned. Different females have been found imprisoned due to different reasons. A majority of female prisoners have been found engaged in drug use by injecting t he large amounts of seductive and, on the other hand, majority of other female prisoners have been found HIV carriers. Such women need psychological help, social support and quality healthcare facilities to help them overcome their health issues and to infuse positivity in their minds (Rickford, 2003). It should be kept in mind that the current healthcare programs were initially designed for male inmates as they hold the largest population in jails all around the world and especially in American prisons (Plugge, 2006). All over the world, female prisoners constitute about 5% of the total population imprisoned (Rickford, 2003). The Benefits of the Program: The program is intended to help the female prisoners suffering from HIV. This program is tailored to meet their social, psychological and healthcare needs in the period of distress. Few of the benefits of this program are: It would help in providing information to the female prisoners on HIV. This program would create awareness on how to prevent HIV transmission, treatment process, testing methods and how the risk of HIV can be minimized. The program would help the female prisoners to get a free HIV testing facility along with counselling services. The program would overall benefit the female inmates in diagnosing and treating the HIV, overcoming the other STDs and other diseases that may rise from the uses of drugs especially injections. The program is focused on benefiting the overall health of the female inmates especially their diets and adopting measures that would help them to overcome their nutritional deficiencies. The program is also focused on providing palliative care to terminally ill female prisoners along with facilitating post-exposure prophylaxis to those female prisoners who are already at risk of HIV. The Budget Justification: This program would run on funds collected from government and semi-government institutions. To meet the healthcare requirements of female patients; charities and promo tional campaigns would be launched soon to meet the financial needs of the program. Awareness programs would be launched in colleges and universities to collect funds from the students as well as different marketing strategies would be incorporated to meet the budge requirements and to help people know about the cause. Program Evaluation: The program would be evaluated on the following basis: How soon can we extend

The Electronic Fuel Injection System Engineering Essay

The Electronic Fuel Injection System Engineering Essay The Electronic Fuel Injection system can be divided into three: basic sub -systems. These are the fuel delivery system, air induction system, and the electronic control system. The fuel delivery system consists of the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel delivery pipe (fuel rail), fuel injector, fuel pressure regulator, and fuel return pipe. Fuel is delivered from the tank to the injector by means of an electric fuel pump. The pump is typically located in or near the fuel tank. Contaminants are filtered out by a high capacity in line fuel filter. Fuel is maintained at a constant pressure by means of a fuel pressure regulator. Any fuel which is not delivered to the intake manifold by the injector is returned to the tank through a fuel return pipe. The Air Induction System The air induction system consists of the air cleaner, air flow meter, throttle valve, air intake chamber, intake manifold runner, and intake valve. When the throttle valve is opened, air flows through the air cleaner, through the air flow meter (on L type systems), past the throttle valve, and through a well tuned intake manifold runner to the intake valve. Air delivered to the engine is a function of driver demand. As the throttle valve is opened further, more air is allowed to enter the engine cylinders. Mostly the L type EFI system measures air flow directly by using an air flow meter. The D type EFI system measures air flow indirectly by monitoring the pressure in the intake manifold. Electronic Control System The electronic control system consists of various engine sensors, Electronic Control Unit (ECU), fuel injector assemblies, and related wiring. The ECU determines precisely how much fuel needs to be delivered by the injector by monitoring the engine sensors. The ECU turns the injectors on for a precise amount of time, referred to as injection pulse width or injection duration, to deliver the proper air/fuel ratio to the engine. Basic System Operation Air enters the engine through the air induction system where it is measured by the air flow meter. As the air flows into the cylinder, fuel is mixed into the air by the fuel injector. Fuel injectors are arranged in the intake manifold behind each intake valve. The injectors are electrical solenoids which are operated by the ECU. The ECU pulses the injector by switching the injector ground circuit on and off. When the injector is turned on, it opens, spraying atomized fuel at the back side of the intake valve. As fuel is sprayed into the intake airstream, it mixes with the incoming air and vaporizes due to the low pressures in the intake manifold. The ECU signals the injector to deliver just enough fuel to achieve an ideal air/fuel ratio of 14.7:1, often referred to as stoichiometry. The precise amount of fuel delivered to the engine is a function of ECU control. The ECU determines the basic injection quantity based upon measured intake air volume and engine rpm. Depending on engine operating conditions, injection quantity will vary. The ECU monitors variables such as coolant temperature, engine speed, throttle angle, and exhaust oxygen content and makes injection corrections which determine final injection quantity. WHAT ONE HAS TO DO TO CONVERT CARB TO EFI IN CASE OF A CAR Heres what is required for complete conversion EFI head and intake manifold with everything still attached. Crossover tube, MAF sensor and air box Fuel tank with fuel pump Entire wiring harness from the car. EFI computer EFI distributor EFI coil/igniter EFI gauge set in the dash Knock sensor, main relay Anything else that was attached to the wiring harness Other things which are also essential LC Engineering EFI Pro cam Fel Pro head gasket set Fluids These are the steps Out with the old Air cleaner off valve cover off Head off Head on the bench with the intake removed. EFI intake and EFI head Carb head and EFI components installed Certain small things that we found were different were: There was some sort of smog device bolted to where the EFI fuel filter goes. It isnt used with EFI and was discarded as were the air tubes that go above the header. The high pressure fuel line has to be either made or salvaged. The vacuum hose for the brake booster is different between carb and EFI. The upper radiator hose is different between carb and EFI The good thing is that two of the plugs that go into the computer can be disconnected and are only go to the engine. So, if you unplug these from the intake, then pull the intake intact. The third plug has the power and other things going to it for the EFI. All game is to take your time and check each wire coming out of the computer. There seems to be only 3 components outside of the normal EFI stuff.   The main EFI relay located in the interior fuse panel under the drivers side dash. The circuit opening relay located under the passenger side dash. This is controlled by the MAF sensor and turns on and off the fuel pump. It is also tied into the main EFI relay. The solenoid resistor is connected to a switched power source (IGN) and goes to the fuel injectors. This is located in the engine compartment passneger side. Pretty much, the only thing that is not straight forward is how these three components are wired.   Mathematical Formulation; Top of Form Most EFI systems have a standard set of sensors. These include: The  Barometric Pressure (BARO) Sensor, which provides the ECU with the atmospheric air pressure reading. The  Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor, which provides the ECU with the engines current operating temperature. This is important because fuel vaporization varies for different engine temperatures. A cold engine requires more fuel while a hot engine requires less. The  Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor, which the ECU needs to take into account when determining pulse duration. The  Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor, which is a tube positioned after the air filter in the air intake duct. The MAF sensor has a fine platinum wire that spans across the tube. The wire is heated by electrical current to maintain a constant temperature above ambient. The air flow past the wire cools the wire and more current is required to maintain the constant temperature. Thus, the amount of current required to maintain the constant temperature indicates the air flow rate. The air flow rate is divided by RPM to determine the pulse duration. The  Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor, which uses manifold vacuum to measure engine load. An EFI system that uses a MAP sensor does not require a MAF sensor as it can use the input from the MAP sensor to determine the required pulse duration. The  Oxygen Sensor (O2S), which is used to measure the amount of oxygen that is not consumed during combustion. This is important for the correct operation of the catalyst converter and is used for emissions control rather than performance or economy. The O2S is located in the exhaust system and is an after-the-fact measure of the air/fuel ratio. Too much unburnt fuel in the exhaust indicates a lean mixture while too little oxygen indicates a rich mixture. The  Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor, which is important for timing purposes as it tells the ECU which spark plug to fire and which injector to open at any given point in the  Otto cycle. The  Throttle Position (TP) Sensor, which is another important sensor as the throttle position and the rate of change in the throttle position indicates the what the diver wants the car to do. Top of Form The modifications we can perform on an  OEM EFI  are somewhat limited because the OEM ECU is  not reprogrammable. However, there are a number of things we learned that we mechanical engineers do to modify the EFI system without having to reprogram the ECU. We can  increase the fuel pressure  as this is one reading that the ECU of a normal efi kit used in the cultus eg does not take into account it assumes the fuel pressure is a constant 30 psi(an estimated value given by Pak Suzuki ) above intake manifold pressure; we can  intercept the pulse signal  form the ECU, alter it using input from the manifold pressure and send it to the injector; we can  increase the injector nozzle size; or   increase the number of injectors. However, your best option, performance wise, is to install an  aftermarket ECU. In the next few pages well discuss each of these options. Bottom of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form There are a few important factors that our study shows that must be taken into account when  installing an efi engine. These are: the  pulse duration  of the injectors and the  duty cycle. The injector pulse duration is the amount of time that the injector is held open so that it can inject fuel into the combustion chamber. The pulse duration is controlled by the engine control unit (ECU) and is dependent on various sensors in the electronic fuel injection (EFI) system. The longer the pulse duration, the more fuel is added to the air/fuel mixture. The amount of fuel required at any one time varies by the amount of  air flow, the  air density, the  engine load, and the  engine temperature. Therefore the pulse duration will vary. However, there is only a limited amount of time that the injector can be held open at each revolution of the engine. This amount of time is reduced as  engine speed  increases. For example, at 600 RPM the available time is 0.1 seconds (60 seconds in a minute divided by 600 revolutions) but at 6,000 RPM it is only 0.01 seconds. The pulse duration relative to the available time at the engine  red line  is called the duty cycle and is expressed as a percentage. Thus a duty cycle of 80% means that at the engine red line the pulse duration (the amount of time the injector is help open) is 80% of the available time. Top of Form INCREASING THE DUTY CYCLE Top of Form INCREASING INJECTOR NOZZLE SIZE Top of Form Performance ECU Chips Top of Form Replacing the  stock ECU chip  with a  reprogrammed performance chip  is a good option for anything up to a 10% increase in engine power. This is mainly due to the way in which the stock ECU chip is programmed. In essence, the stock ECU is programmed for optimal performance at  peak torque  so as this ensures that the car is drivable at low engine speeds. As most cars would be driven at low engine speeds of up to 3,500 RPM, ensuring that the car drives perfectly at these engine speeds is perfectly reasonable; unless you want to modify your car! A reprogrammed performance chip will be programmed for optimal performance up to the  engine red line, releasing a moderate power increase but making the car less drivable at lower engine speeds. Top of Form THE FUEL PICKUP The fuel pickup should also get some consideration, especially on a modified street race car with a  steel fuel tank. On such vehicles the fuel level in the fuel tank can drop below the fuel pickup during  hard cornering  or  heavy acceleration  and  heavy braking  and can cause a momentary drop in fuel pressure and engine performance. The solution is to have a  secondary fuel pump  supply a small  fuel reservoir  or swirl pot that feels the primary fuel pumps. The fuel reservoir is a simple cylinder with an fuel inlet from the secondary pump at the side, a fuel return line at the top and fuel pickup lines to the primary pumps at the bottom. The fuel reservoir should have a capacity of at least 1 liter and should be mounted low, beside the fuel tank. With a fuel reservoir, the primary fuel pumps will always have a fuel supply even under hard cornering of heavy acceleration and braking conditions. Calculation on this bases were done and were utilized in MATLAB program Bottom of Form

Animal Farm Book Report :: Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm Book Report Plot This is a book that takes a look, from a satirical point of view, at the rise and excesses of communism in the former Soviet Union. Written from the point of view of animals in a farm, it starts with the 'vision' of a boar, Old Major, who dreams of a time when all animals are free from domination from humans and are equals. Eventually, the animals revolt, driving out the farmer and setting up their own society. However, from the start, things slowly start to go wrong. The pigs set themselves up as leaders ('first among equals') and began to 'allocate work' to the rest of the animals. The Commandments set up just after the revolution began to be distorted and all questions on the leadership of the pigs or the commands handed down are swiftly deflected by their spokesperson. The parallels to the rise of Communism are obvious in this book. People who know something about the history of Communism will have no problems figuring out who represents Karl Marx, Stalin, the KGB, etc. However, even if you don't, or are not interested in finding parallels to Communism, the book is still an entertaining book to read. The gradual erosion of the initial ideals of the animal society, the rise to power of the pigs (unopposed by the other animals), and the eventual horror as the animals realize they have replaced one master with yet another are well written in this book. Characters Old Major Old Major is the wise old pig whose stirring speech to the animals helps set the Rebellion in motion- though he dies before it actually begins. His role compares with that of Karl Marx, whose ideas set the Communist Revolution in motion. Napoleon is a "large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way." And so he does. Instead of debating with Snowball, he sets his dogs on him and continues to increase his personal power and privileges from that time on. What counts for him is power, not ideas. Note his name: think of the other Napoleon (Bonaparte) who took over the French Revolution and turned it into a personal Empire. Napoleon's character also suggests that of Stalin and other dictators as well. Snowball Snowball is an energetic, brilliant leader.

Education. Why or Why not? Essay

Education, define as the art of systemic learning inspire every one of us, and educated human beings are able to possess the power of influence in academic discourses. If there’s no input, then there will be no output, and believe it or not, education allows people to be creative and innovative in developing our digital world. Generation after generation, the medium of providing education has improved in using interactive technology such as – digital projector, high-speed laboratory camera, multi-function writing board and etc. â€Å"If we can match highly effective educators with great entrepreneurs†, admits Joane Wesis, the author of â€Å" The Innovation Mismatch: â€Å" Smart Capital† and Education Innovation, â€Å"and if we can direct smart capital toward these projects, the market for technological innovation might just spurt from infancy into adolescence. † The author hold similar viewpoints that education behaves as an important source of input for generating prosperous output that motivates to share the benefits of one’s creativity to the community. Understanding the philosophy of becoming educated is crucial, and also important to explore the concept that education drives us to interact with society by finding ways to earn for living. One might wisely pursue the education for the benefits of mankind, but for few some people misleading concept of getting educated, for instance; in the case of nuclear scientists developing nuclear-powered weaponry will bring negative impact to our society, and that’s why there are no limits to pursue education and no limits on manifesting the application of education onto our society. On the other hand, formal education is highly necessary to decode the discourse in our academic community as well as be able to define their specific ideas. Thus, an educated person could award and/or tolerate the aspirations of human being by using the perceived knowledge, and determine their correct or incorrect benefits to the society. To become an elitist in the field of education depends on individual choices, but education will select people into groups of clusters where the professional will stays on top, while normal educated people will share the same spot with majorities in the lower level. Nevertheless, education is vital because not only it supports individual understanding in academic discourses, but also allows oneself to play an important role to help improve the society. Some might argue that one could live sufficiently without burden in his life with a satisfactory income. This point of view shall fit to minorities who retard to pursue education, however; in contrary to preceded viewpoint, Nicholas Lemann, the author of The New Yorker magazine, writes about The Cost Of College, and the following speech extracted from his article remarks, â€Å" In today’s economy â€Å", President Obama claims, â€Å" There’s no greater predictor of individual success than a good education. Right now, the unemployment rate for Americans with a college degree or more is about half the national average. The incomes of folks with a college degree are twice as high as those who don’t have a high-school diploma. † (Nicholas Lemann). Not all people have certain interest of becoming graduates, and indeed they don’t want to invest their time to study, either. Generally speaking, high school dropouts have more chances of becoming low socio-economic status, yet can be easily employed because their job requires no background education, but, in contrast, graduates earn multiple times more than high school dropouts, so it takes more time for them to get into work force since they are very costly for an employer. The downside of becoming educated is the fact that the price of paying to graduate is seriously inflated. Building a career with education is nevertheless highly necessary and due to the budget constraints; it becomes more challenging to get on top of the education ladder. During the year 2009, The College Board in Princeton, NJ, has calculated the cost of pursuing education that â€Å" College education expenses have climbed over 5% annually during the past 10 years, more than double our nation’s inflation rate. That means a child born today could need over $220,000 to attend a four-year public college in 2028, more than triple today’s college costs. † (The College Board (2010)) As a matter of a fact, the educated parent knows and understands their responsibilities to provide education for their young generations. However, since they pertain the thought of raising their children’s intellectual skills, they are trying to invest their capital, no matter what it takes them to graduate: the hierarchy in society trigger parents to train their kids to understand the discourses that prevails among them. To clarify, see the community of lawyers and professional workers for  example, selective parents privileged in wealth of knowledge will motive themselves to push their children to pursue formal education like they have done it before. Moreover, the perceived concept in education define the roles that people take in the society, which helps to provide society needs and wants; such that, the more educated people a society has, the higher the standard of living. Elitism in education creates humiliation and dispute between dominant groups based on race, culture, intellectual, and gender. Very sadly, the demand of elite students in society can promote uncertain consequences, which in this case, promotes the unethical issue to expand market for institution. Danny Dorling, the author of â€Å"The return to elitism in education†, explains the behavior of education system that creates competition in institution for students and money. Danny Dorling mentions about grades and intellectual responsiveness on education such that: â€Å" People who have taught the children of the affluent classes at the universities they go to have seen the result of this growth in elitism. These children have been educationally force-fed enough facts to obtains strings of A grades, but they are no more geniuses than anyone else. There is a tragedy in making young people pretend to super-human mental abilities which neither they nor anyone else possess. To justify their situation they have to swallow and repeat the lie being told more and more often, that only a few are especially able and that those few are disproportionately found amongst the higher social classes. † (Danny Dorling) When parents are not satisfy with their child’s grades in academics, they will try to push their limits by giving close attention, and sometimes punishments are highly likely. Institutions, on the their hand, will raise the academic requirements for student admission in order to search for elite students – which turns out to be a marketing strategy for competition, not exactly an emphasis for student’s education. Not to mention the fact that doing so (raising standards in admission) can easily motivates and challenges each and every student intellectual understanding in the course of education for improving not only the quality of academic discourse, but also benefits sophisticated level of education, perhaps. Education shapes the society, meaning; educated people are gaining not only credible reputation towards a society but also participate to involve as major role-player, and for instance; A kind-hearted lawyer would offer a pro bono service to his friends, and etc. Moreover, The number of crimes in a country with high-uneducated people is certainly, skyrocketing. The following data conducted by The Campaign for Educational Equality claims, â€Å" A one-year increase in average years of schooling for dropouts would reduce murder and assault by almost 30 percent motor vehicle theft by 20 percent, arson by 13 percent, and burglary and larceny by about 6 percent† (2). Plus, the above data clearly distinguishes the chances of uneducated people doing bad things unconsciously without being able to correct oneself. â€Å" Educated girls and women are less vulnerable to HIV infection†, an article from GlobalCitizenCorps says, â€Å" human trafficking and other forms of exploitation, are more likely to marry later, raise fewer children who are more likely to go to school, and make important contributions to family income. † Women nowadays are of course taking serious role in society because the freedom of people rights give the society fair and square chances to pursue education; the academic discourse will influence and change their thoughts on lifestyle, completely. Besides, the market of human trafficking is relatively large in South-East Asian countries, and poor families are often allured with money incentives to sell their teenage children to work across other countries, which in reality are forced to do nasty jobs under extremely poor condition. These sufferings from naive victims will provide a clear picture to motivate people in advocating for education, so people needs education in order to maintain their positive personalities in the society. People in general belief that education fights to reduce segregation and inequality in a society. This; however, happens to be true for some instance, until the author of this article â€Å" Segregation Prominent in Schools, Study Finds â€Å" in the New York Time magazine, convincingly reports about segregation that; â€Å"Segregation of Latino students is most pronounced in California, New York and Texas. The most segregated cities for blacks include Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Philadelphia and Washington†,  Motoko Rich asserts, â€Å"Mr. Orfield said that schools with mostly minority and poor students were likely to have fewer resources, less assertive parent groups and less experienced teacher. The author share his viewpoint that segregation exists, not because of education, but because of low-funds and resources in institution which tends to concentrate high amount of low socio-economic status students, and this will cause racial indifferences between low and high income status. Meanwhile, similar to Motoko Rich viewpoint, Klaus Walde, furthermore supports the idea about resource allocation in education that â€Å" While it is difficult to define and measure the quality of education one reason for relative quality differences across education levels might lie in the allocation of educational resources (as teachers and equipment). † (446) Now, the idea boils down to the fact that resources quality and allocation is more important in contributing better education system in our society. Broadly speaking, being educated in this modern world allows people to contribute their benefits to a society, by means of the intellectual support provided by the manner of learning experiences. Every country are relying on the technology and driving the market to substitute manual workers with machines, so educated workers are important for operating those machines. Since starting from the era of industrial revolution, education was introduced to our society in order to acknowledge in understanding and defining their roles in the society. Therefore, the improvement in education overtime will also improve innovation in technology, which increases the quality of living standards. In fact, education is always needed for various sectors in our society, and will always require for having credibility in sharing the message within the society. Furthermore, education functions as a multi-purpose assistance for training not only intellectual skills, but also providing ways to survive in earning for a living in a society. More importantly, some critics would assume that there are some disadvantages in society such as segregation in education between income status, but the issue can be settle if every individuals successfully pursue education because the way the educated person conceive mature in every aspect of his life and society. Work Cited Dorling, D. (2010). The return to elitism in education. Eurozine . GLOBALCORPORATIONCORPS. (n. d. ). 11 Facts About Education Around the World. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from DoSomething. org: http://www. dosomething. org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-education-around-world Lemann, N. (2012, May 28). The Cost Of College. (T. Bachtell, Ed. ) The New Yorker . RICH, M. (2012, September 19). Segregation Prominent in Schools, Study Finds. The NewYork Times , A16 . Walde, K. (1998). Egalitarian and elitist education systems as the basis for international differences in wage inequality. European Journal of Political Economy , Vol. 16 (2000 ), 445–468. Weiss, J. (2011, March 31). HBR Blog Network / Innovations in Education. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from Harvard Business Review: http://blogs. hbr. org/innovations-in-education/2011/03/the-innovation-mismatch-smart. html

Why Julius Caesar Was Assassinated

Why Julius Caesar Was Assassinated Introduction Gaius Julius Caesar remains one of the most important figures for his prolific conquests that he made during his life as an emperor and probably his untimely-preplanned death. This was a genius in making, combating with not only the minute Egypt but also with world giants like Germany, Gaul, and Britain (Appian 1949, 115).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Julius Caesar Was Assassinated specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, his ingenuity did not save him from death in the hands of his enemies in disguise as friends, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinu, when they descended on him on Ides of March. These two men, in company of a pack of others, carefully designed the death of Caesar behind his back. However, why would they want to kill their friend? It is important to note that, Caesar’s leadership or tyrannical rule policies had nothing to do with his death. Despite his leader ship skills, all seemed to be well with Romans. All the indicators of a thriving economy were prevalent in Rome. From creation of thousands of employment opportunities to economic stimulation through export and import, confidence levels amongst Romans were rising by the day and every one seemed to be happy save for some leadership flaws here and there, which are common in any leadership. These leadership flaws could not move anyone to rebel against and plot assassination of the emperor. Even though there are many schools of thought giving different reasons as to why Caesar was assassinated, the most compelling school of thought is the one stating that, Caesar was assassinated because his assassins wanted power. All other malicious claims directed to Caesar were only to cover the truth. Brutus and Cassius were formerly enemies to Caesar and after he defeated Pompey, they swore allegiance to him but their initial rebellion did not go away and this is evident from the assassination the y carried out. Why Assassination The fact that the men that assassinated Caesar wanted some grounds to accuse him and justify their assassination, implies that they had to plot how to win other people’s hearts and allegiance. Unfortunately, Caesar made many gullible mistakes exposing him to the wiles of these assassins. Many a times he failed to read signs that would signify impeding danger. In the opinion of the writer of this paper, nothing Caesar would say or do that would avert his inevitable death. Brutus and Cicero were very much aware of the damage they would cause to Caesar once they managed to brand him a tyrant (Yavetz 1983, 186). Therefore, the only thing that these two men needed was to come up with a strategy that would subject Caesar to public ridicule and then attack him after gaining enough support. To do this, they had to convince other senators to get into their scheme; fortunately, they got huge backing from senators, who joined them for different reasons.A dvertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Nicholas of Damascus (1964), the chief principals of this plot were men who knew for sure that if Caesar were dead, then they would gain power to run the nation. This persuaded many senators to consent to the plot of killing their emperor. Other people agreed to the plot because they were still angry because of losing their relatives and friends in the civil war. Therefore, to end such impunity, they wanted to be led through democracy, not despotism. However, Nicholas of Damascus (1964) notes that these were mere cover-ups, the fact is that these people were hypnotized by the promise of ascending to power and they would find any excuse to assent to the plot. Moreover, some people joined the plot not because they had anything against Caesar, but because they loved the pioneers of the plot. Interestingly, men who had been genu ine friends to Caesar also took part in the plot. How did this happen? After Caesar forgave the likes of Brutus and Cassius who had been his enemies and gave them powers in his authority, the men who had remained loyal felt betrayed. They could not understand this form of kindness. When Cassius approached them to take part in the plot, they gave in easily for they wanted to revenge what Caesar had done to them. It is unfortunate that these loyal Caesar friends could not enjoy the good reaps from the war and by joining the plot; they knew they would access power and finally enjoy what they had labored for all that long. Finally, after spurring people from all lifestyles into rebellion, Brutus and Cassius had to fool Caesar into stupid acts that would leave him exposed (Taylor 1949, 173). This opens up the next element of this conspiracy; that is, the plot. In the Greek culture, no man was to become a king as long as he lived (Yavetz 1983, 193). Wittingly, these assassins painted Caes ar as a king by offering him several honors. Unfortunately, Caesar gave in to the ill plans of these brutes and as time went on, he started acting against the law, something that would cost him life. The disregard for the law would give the assassins a foothold to censure him. The conspirators started by voting on how Caesar would appear in public. According to the vote passed, Caesar was to appear in all public places wearing exultant attire and sit in the chair of state. The aim of this vote was to make bring him close to people who would easily fault him as he mingled with them often. Additionally, they bestowed on him the power and right to â€Å"offer the so-called spolia opima at the temple of Jupiter Feretrius, as if he had slain some hostile general with his own hand. To have lectors that always carried the laurel and after the Feriae Latinae, to ride from Albanum to the city mounted on a charger† (Cassius Dio 1949, 12). This meant that his status was elevated almost to a state of a king. This was just but the beginning of the honors Caesar received.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Julius Caesar Was Assassinated specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To hypnotize Caesar completely, the conspirators named him the father of the nation. This was followed by inscribing his image in all the coins used in Rome around that time. Additionally, they passed a vote that Caesar’s birthday was to be celebrated by offering public sacrifice and his statue was to stand in all cities. Two of Caesar’s statues were to stand in all temples one signifying him as a savior of people and the other as a savoir of the city under siege. A temple was to be built in his honor to symbolize peace. To cap it all, they appointed him the high priest and conferred powers to censure life to him alone. Mistakenly, Caesar accepted all these accolades with unfathomed gullibility. This saw the passing of t he law that required prayers be made to him and he accepted the garbs worn by kings. Finally, after a series of honors that Caesar accepted readily, they â€Å"addressed him outright as Julian Jupiter and ordered a temple to be consecrated to him and to his Clemency† (Cassius Dio 1949, 16). The motive behind all these awards was to paint Caesar as a king or a god, something that would attract disapproval readily, hence justifying their assassination. Actions of these people spoke loudly and it was evident that they did not have any good faith in what they were doing. â€Å"Others, and the majority, followed the courses mentioned because they wished to make him envied and disliked as quickly as possible, that he might the sooner perish† (Renard 1987, 568). This explains clearly the motive behind these accolades. However, this was not the only reason why these senators gave Caesar all these honors. Going back to Caesar’s life as an emperor, he was always under the watch of a guard. This meant that the senators could not meet him whatsoever; hence, they would not get chance to carry out the assassination. After receiving many honors, Caesar was convinced that these people would never try to eliminate him (Taylor 1949, 175). Therefore, he let his guard leave for he was now comfortable in the presence of the senators, who had apparently become his friends. As time went by, he dismissed all other guards and now he would remain under the watch of knights and senators. Caesar’s gullibility continued to portray itself as he consistently became mesmerized by the â€Å"kindness† of his subjects. However, it did not take long for these power-hungry assassinators to find a loophole in what they would easily exploit at the expense of this gullible emperor.Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One evening these conspirators approached Caesar to explain why they would carry some of the house businesses in his absence to show that they worked involuntarily as opposed to compulsory duty (Suetonius 1913, 77). However, Caesar did not wake up from his seat and this dismayed many of them. Sympathizers of Caesar tried to explain that he could not walk because he had a bout of diarrhea; nevertheless, they could not justify these claims because he eventually stood up and walked without support. These assassins pretended to be dismayed by this act of pride; however, this is all they wanted from the beginning; a foothold to accuse Caesar. Well, they got it fully later when Caesar accepted to be made a dictator for life. Nevertheless, the end was yet to come. Some of the people still supported Caesar and the conspirators had to look for a way to embitter them. The next course of action was well plotted. As aforementioned, among the Romans, there could not be a king for this was outrig ht scorn to the tribunes. Then the time came, and the senators tried to brand Caesar a king but he refused vehemently. However, after scrutinizing the events, it appears that Caesar wanted the title. Firstly, it would be expected of him to rebuke such people, put them into prison, or worse kill them (Adcock 1951, 693). However, he did not do anything to them. This showed that he was pleased by the title; something that caused many people to disdain him. To cover up his behavior, Caesar told people that he was not a king but only a Caesar. Even though he took some actions against the first people to call him a king, the measures were not severe as expected for he only relieved them of their duties as tribunes and banned them from public speaking. He went ahead to rub their names from tribune-ship; however, this did not quell the mounting disapproval among citizens. Did he really dissent the title? The answer to this question is no! If Caesar were totally, against the title, he would come out clearly and refuse it. However; Antony with his fellow priests saluted him as king and surrounding his brows with a diadem said: â€Å"The people give this to you through my hands.† He answered that Jupiter alone was king of the Romans and sent the diadem to him to the Capitol, yet he was not angry and caused it to be inscribed in the records that the royalty presented to him by the people through the consul he had refused to receive. It was accordingly suspected that this had been done by some prearranged plan and that he was anxious for the name but wished to be somehow compelled to take it, and the consequent hatred against him was intense (Cassius Dio 1949, 17). This shows that he somehow accepted the title â€Å"king†; hence, making him a tyrant. Thus, the assassination would not be branded as such, but it would be called tyrannicide. However, Caesar was still popular amongst middle and lower classes and they vowed to fight Brutus and his team. The fact t hat Brutus went to organize troops in Greece to topple Antony is a clear indication that all he wanted was power. Conclusion Despite his ingenuity in conquering his enemies, Caesar could not deal with his closest enemies who disguised as friends. They led him into believing that they liked and honored him by awarding him with several accolades until they won his trust. First, they had to win his trust to a point of him letting go of his guards. This would ensure that the senators gained access to Caesar and have the opportunity to kill him. Luckily, this worked well for them as they accomplished it. Secondly, they had to paint Caesar as a tyrant in the eyes of the citizens to justify their assassination, which in effect it would be termed as tyrannicide. They also accomplished this by branding him a ‘king†, a title that he was not supposed to hold. Their craftiness was aided in part by Caesar’s gullibility and failure to read the two sided of the coin. There is cl ear indication that Caesar wanted to be called a king and this was the biggest mistake that he made. However, this assassination was inevitable and nothing he would have done to prevent it. It was a political attack where the assassinators were power hungry and the only way they could gain it was through assassination. However, they failed in their bid to rule Rome as opposition mounted against them leading to a series of wars. Bibliography Adcock, F. 1951. Caesars Dictatorship. Cook, S. Charlesworth, P. Ed. The Cambridge Ancient History, New York: Cambridge University Press 9(2): 691-740. Appian. 1949. The Civil Wars. 111-117 Cassius Dio. 1944. â€Å"The Accounts of Dio.† 1-11 Nicolaus of Damascus. 1984. Life of Augustus. Bellemore, Jane. Bristol Classical Press, 26-50. Renard, Marcel. 1987. Caesar’s Personal Enemies on the Ides of March. 568-573 Suetonius, Tranquillus. 1913. Life of Caesar. New York: Loeb Classical Library, 76-79. Taylor, Lily R. 1949. Party Politic s in the Age of Caesar. Berkeley: University of California Press. 172-179. Yavetz, Z. 1983. Julius Caesar and his Public Image. London: Thames and Hudson.